英汉互译实践与技巧 第2版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Unit 1 Introduction:Translation and Translation Techniques 概论：翻译与翻译技巧1

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述1

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练2

Ⅰ.Important Role of Translation 翻译的重要作用4

Ⅱ.Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围6

Ⅲ.Principles or Criteria of Translation 翻译的原则和标准7

Ⅳ.Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译8

Ⅴ.Translation Techniques 翻译技巧种种12

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习13

Unit 2 Diction 遣词用字17

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述17

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练18

Ⅰ.Correspondence between English and Chinese at Word Level 英汉词字层次上的对等关系22

1.Word-for-Word Correspondence 词字对等22

2.One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning 多词同义22

3.One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings 一词多义22

4.Equivalents Interwoven with One Another 词义交织23

5.Words without Equivalents 无对等词语23

Ⅱ.Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an English Word 英语词义辨析法24

1.Judging from the Word Formation 根据构词法辨别词义24

2.Judging from the References 根据指代关系辨别词义24

3.Judging from the Context and Collocation 根据上下文或词的搭配辨别词义25

4.Judging from Different Branches of Learning and Specialties 根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义26

Ⅲ.Techniques of Translating a Given English Word 英语词语翻译技巧27

1.Deduction 推演法27

2.Transplant 移植法27

3.Extension 引伸法28

4.Substitution 替代法28

5.Explanation 释义法28

6.Combination 合并法28

7.Transliteration 音译法29

8.Pictographic Translation 图形法29

Ⅳ.Diction in Chinese-English Translation 汉译英的选词用字29

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习31

Unit 3 Amplification 增词法35

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述35

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练36

Ⅰ.Amplification in English-Chinese Translation 增词法在英汉翻译中的运用40

1.Amplification by Supplying Words Omitted in the Original 增添原文所省略的词语40

2.Amplification by Supplying Necessary Connectives 增添必要的连接词语40

3.Amplification by Supplying Words to Convey the Concept of Plurality 用增词法表达出复数概念40

4.Amplification by Supplying Words to Make an Abstract Concept Clear 用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚41

5.Amplification by Logical Thinking 逻辑性增词41

6.Amplification by Supplying Words of Generalization 概括性增词41

7.Amplification for Purposes of Rhetoric or Coherence 从修辞和连贯角度考虑增词42

8.Amplification by Repetition 重复性增词42

Ⅱ.Amplification in Chinese-English Translation 增词法在汉英翻译中的运用42

1.Amplifying by Adding Necessary Pronouns 增添必要的代词42

2.Amplifying by Adding Necessary Articles 增添必要的冠词43

3.Amplifying by Adding Necessary Connectives 增添必要的连接词语43

4.Amplifying by Adding Necessary Prepositions 增添必要的介词43

5.Amplifying by Adding Necessary Background Words 增添必要的背景词语43

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习44

Unit 4 Omission省略法47

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述47

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练48

Ⅰ.Omission in English-Chinese Translation 省略法在英汉翻译中的运用51

1.Omission of the Pronoun 代词的省略51

2.Omission of the Article 冠词的省略52

3.Omission of the Preposition 介词的省略52

4.Omission of the Conjunction 连词的省略52

5.Omission of the Verb 动词的省略53

6.Omission of the Impersonal Pronoun“It"非人称代词“It”的省略53

Ⅱ.Omission in Chinese-English Translation 省略法在汉英翻译中的运用53

1.Omission of Redundant Words 省略冗词赘语54

2.Omission of Words of Conceptual Category 省略概念范畴类词语54

3.Omission of Meticulous Description 省略过详的细节描述54

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习55

Unit 5 Conversion 转换59

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述59

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练60

Ⅰ.Conversion in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉的常用词类转换形式62

1.Conversion into Verbs 转换成动词63

2.Conversion into Nouns 转换成名词64

3.Conversion into Adjectives 转换成形容词65

4.Conversion into Adverbs 转换成副词66

5.Conversion of Sentence Elements 句子成分的转换66

Ⅱ.Conversion in Chinese-English Translation 汉译英的词类转换67

1.Verbs Converted into Other Parts of Speech 汉语动词转换成其他词类67

2.Conversion between Other Parts of Speech 其他词类的相互转换68

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习69

Unit 6 Restructuring 结构调整73

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述73

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练74

Ⅰ.Different Word Order in English and Chinese 英汉语言的词序差异77

1.Interrogative inversion 疑问倒装78

2.Imperative inversion 命令倒装78

3.Exclamatory inversion 惊叹倒装78

4.Hypothetical inversion 假设倒装78

5.Balance inversion 平衡倒装78

6.Link inversion 衔接倒装78

7.Signpost inversion 点题倒装78

8.Negative inversion 否定倒装79

9.Metrical inversion 韵律倒装79

Ⅱ.Restructuring in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的结构调整79

1.Different Sequences in Customary Word Combinations 不同的词语习惯表达顺序79

2.Different Sequences in Customary Sentence Arrangement 不同的句式安排顺序80

3.Adverbial Clauses in a Complex Sentence 复合句中的状语从句80

4.Cases Involving Adverbials状语的词序调整80

5."That-"Clause Used as a Judgment or Conclusion 作为判断或结论的“That-”从句的结构调整81

Ⅲ.Restructuring in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译中的结构调整81

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习82

Unit 7 The Passive Voice 被动语态85

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述85

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练86

Ⅰ.The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的被动语态90

1.The Passive Voice Converted into the Active Voice 被动语态转为主动语态90

2.The Passive Structure Converted into a Subjectless Sentence 被动语态转为无主句91

3.The Passive Structure Remaining Unchanged 被动语态保持不变91

4.The Passive Voice Replaced by Other Structures 被动语态用其他结构代替92

Ⅱ.The Passive Structures in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译中的被动结构92

1.Chinese Sentences with Passive Labels 带有被动标签的汉语句子93

2.Chinese Sentences without Passive Labels 不带被动标签的汉语句子93

3.Chinese"Active"Structures Converted into English Passive Structures 汉语“主动”结构转为英语被动结构94

4.Translation of Some Idiomatic Chinese Expressions 一些汉语习惯表达法的译法94

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习95

Unit 8 Affirmative vs.Negative 肯定与否定99

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述99

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练100

Ⅰ.Negation in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的正反交替103

1.Affirmative in English,but Negative in Chinese 英语为肯定式，汉语译作否定式103

2.Negative in English,but Affirmative in Chinese 英语为否定式，汉语译作肯定式104

3.Same English Word,with Either Affirmative or Negative Equivalents in Chinese 同一英语词语，既可译作肯定，又可译作否定105

4.Double Negative for Emphasis 强调性的双重否定105

5.Roundabout Affirmative 间接的肯定结构105

6.Some Traps in Negative Structures 否定的陷阱106

Ⅱ.Negation in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译中的正反交替107

1.Negation According to Usage 根据英语的习惯用法译作肯定或否定107

2.Negation for Emphasis or Rhetorical Effect 从强调或从修辞角度考虑译作肯定或否定108

3.Negation to Convey Exactly the Original Meaning 为表达出原文的确切意思译作肯定或否定108

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习108

Unit 9 Nominal Clauses 名词性从句113

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述113

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练114

Ⅰ.Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译117

1.Subject Clauses 主语从句117

2.Object Clauses 宾语从句117

3.Predicative Clauses 表语从句118

4.Appositive Clauses 同位语从句118

Ⅱ.Translation of Chinese Complex Sentences 汉语复句的翻译120

1.Sentence Combination 句子的合并120

2.Sentence Sequence 句序121

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习122

Unit 10 Attributive Clause 定语从句127

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述127

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练128

Ⅰ.A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive Structures 英汉定语结构的对比131

Ⅱ.Restrictive Attributive Clauses 限定性定语从句132

1.Combination 合并法132

2.Division 分译法133

3.Mixture 混合法133

Ⅲ.Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses 非限定性定语从句134

1.Division 分译法134

2.Combination 合并法135

Ⅳ.Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials 兼有状语功能的定语从句136

1.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Cause 译作汉语原因状语从句136

2.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Result 译作汉语结果状语从句137

3.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession 译作汉语让步状语从句137

4.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Conditiion 译作汉语条件状语从句137

5.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 译作汉语目的状语从句138

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习138

Unit 11 Adverbial Clauses 状语从句143

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述143

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练144

Ⅰ.Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译146

1.Adverbial Clauses of Time 时间状语从句147

2.Adverbial Clauses of Place 地点状语从句148

3.Adverbial Clauses of Cause 原因状语从句148

4.Adverbial Clauses of Condition 条件状语从句149

5.Adverbial Clauses of Concession 让步状语从句149

6.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 目的状语从句150

Ⅱ.Translation of Adverbial Clauses in Chinese 汉语状语从句的翻译150

1.Analysis of Subordination 分清主次关系150

2.Using Inanimate Subjects 使用无灵主语151

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习151

Unit 12 Long Sentences 长句的翻译155

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述155

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练156

Ⅰ.Long Sentences in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的长句处理158

1.Two Stages and Five Steps in Translating a Long Sentence 长句翻译的两个阶段和五个步骤159

2.Sample Analysis 实例分析159

Ⅱ.Long Sentences in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译中的长句处理161

Ⅲ.Methods of Translating Long English Sentences 英文长句的翻译方法163

1.Embedding 内嵌法163

2.Cutting 切分法164

3.Reversing 倒置法165

4.Splitting 拆分法165

5.Inserting 插入法166

6.Recasting 重组法167

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习168

Unit 13 English for Science and Technology 科技英语的翻译173

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述173

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练174

Ⅰ.Formation of English Technical Terms 英语技术词语的构成177

1.Affixation 缀合法177

2.Compounding 复合法178

3.Blending 缩合法178

4.Acronym 首字母缩略179

5.Proper Nouns 专有名词180

Ⅱ.Characteristic Syntax of EST 科技英语的句法特点180

1.More Long and Complicated Sentences 大量使用长句180

2.More Nominalization 大量使用名词化结构181

3.Extensive Use of the Passive Voice 习惯使用被动语态182

4.More Non-Finite Forms of the Verb 大量使用非限定动词183

5.Different Uses of the Tense 时态的不同用法183

6.The Post-Position of the Attributive 习惯使用后置定语183

Ⅲ.Methods Employed in the Translation of EST 科技英语的翻译方法184

1.Expanding the Noun Phrase into a Separate Clause 将名词性短语扩展成汉语句子184

2.Converting the Noun Phrase into a Verb-Object Structure 将名词性短语转换成动宾结构184

3.Converting Attributive Elements into Independent Sentences,Adverbial Clauses,etc.将定语成分转换为独立句、状语从句等185

4.Converting the Passive into the Active 将被动转换为主动185

5.Suppiementing Some Necessary Words 补充必要的词语185

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习186

Unit 14 Translation of Documentation 文献的翻译189

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述189

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练190

Ⅰ.Translation of Contracts and Agreements 合同与协议的翻译193

Ⅱ.Translation of Proposals,Reports and Reviews 建议、报告与评论的翻译195

Ⅲ.Translation of Patents and Trademarks 专利与商标的翻译198

Ⅳ.Translation of Copyright Documents 版权文献的翻译199

Ⅴ.Translation of Bid-Documents 招标文献的翻译200

Ⅵ.Translation of Abstracts,Indexes and Bibliographies 摘要、索引与文献目录的翻译202

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习206

Unit 15 Application Documents for Studying Abroad 出国留学申请的翻译211

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述211

Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练212

Ⅰ.Asking for Application Forms for Admission 索要入学申请表213

Ⅱ.Graduation Certification 毕业证明的翻译214

Ⅲ.Resume and Covering Letter 个人简历及附信的翻译215

Ⅳ.Letters of Recommendation 推荐信的翻译219

Ⅴ.Personal Statement 自我陈述的翻译220

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习224

Unit 16 Comprehensive Abilities through Comparative Studies 通过比较研究培养翻译综合能力229

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述229

Ⅰ.Comparative Studies of English and Chinese Languages from a Macroscopic View Point 英汉语言宏观对比230

1.Synthetic vs.Analytic 综合性语与分析性语230

2.Compact vs.Diffusive 紧凑与松散231

3.Hypotactic vs.Paratactic 形合与意合231

4.Complex vs.Simplex 繁复与简单232

5.Impersonal vs.Personal 物称与人称232

6.Passive vs.Active 被动与主动233

7.Static vs.Dynamic 静态与动态233

8.Abstract vs.Concrete 抽象与具体233

9.Indirect vs.Direct 间接与直接234

10.Substitutive vs.Repetitive 替换与重复234

Ⅱ.Practical Abilities Attained from Translation Studies and Criticism 通过比较研究和翻译批评提高实际能力234

1.Language Sensibility 语感能力235

2.Contextual Analysis 语境分析能力237

3.Logical Thinking 逻辑思维能力239

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习242

Appendix A Translation Exercises for Independent Work 英汉互译独立作业练习247

Appendix B Keys to Practical Translation Training and Exercises 实用翻译训练及练习参考答案273

Appendix C Keys to Translation Exercises for Independent Work 英汉互译独立作业练习参考译文331

Appendix D Bibliography 参考书目357