互换性与技术测量PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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1 Manufacturing Considerations in Design1

1.1 Standardization1

1.1.1 Introduction1

1.1.2 There are two stages in standardization1

1.1.3 In mechanical engineering the following items are included in standardization1

1.1.4 Standardization has got the following uses2

1.2 Interchangeability2

1.2.1 The definition of interchangeability2

1.2.2 ISO GB and the function of interchangeability2

1.2.3 There are two different ways to ensure interchangeability of the parts in the machinery2

1.2.4 The classification of interchangeability3

1.3 Preferred Numbers3

2 The Limit and Fit of Smooth Cylindricality6

2.1 Introduction6

2.1.1 What is a dimensional tolerance8

2.1.2 The need for dimensional tolerances8

2.1.3 The use of dimensional tolerances8

2.1.4 Relevant standards9

2.2 Dimensional Tolerance of a Shaft and a Hole9

2.2.1 The item of hole and shaft10

2.2.2 Item of size10

2.2.3 Dimensional tolerance,limits of a shaft and a hole11

2.2.4 Fits of a shaft and a hole16

2.2.5 Fit tolerance19

2.2.6 Conclusion20

2.3 Standard Tolerance20

2.3.1 Tolerance grade20

2.3.2 Formula of tolerance21

2.3.3 Value of tolerance21

2.4 Basic Deviation24

2.4.1 Basic deviation24

2.4.2 Tolerance notes25

2.5 Basic System51

2.5.1 The basic shaft system52

2.5.2 The basic hole system52

2.6 The Selection of Dimensional Tolerances59

2.6.1 Some factors influencing the selection of tolerances59

2.6.2 Manufacturing tolerances59

2.7 Selective Assembly61

2.7.1 Limits and fits—classification61

2.7.2 Limits and fits—background to“selected fits”61

3 Geometrical Tolerance66

3.1 Introduction66

3.2 Geometric Tolerances66

3.3 Tolerance Frame with Symbol Identifications67

3.3.1 Symbol of tolerance67

3.3.2 Tolerance value68

3.3.3 Indication of datum69

3.3.4 Additional frames—notes70

3.4 Positioning of Frames/Datum Lines70

3.5 The Tolerance Zone72

3.6 Geometrical Tolerance Examples72

3.7 Principle of Tolerance93

3.7.1 Supplementary symbols93

3.7.2 Maximum material condition(MMC)93

3.7.3 Least material condition(LMC)96

3.7.4 Regardless of feature size(RFS)97

3.7.5 Principle of independency97

3.7.6 Examples of maximum material condition97

4 Surface Finishes100

4.1 Introduction100

4.2 Outlet of Surface101

4.2.1 Surface notes101

4.2.2 Surface control101

4.2.3 Surface profile102

4.3 Surface Finish Parameters104

4.4 Surface Finish Symbols107

4.5 Accuracy and Finish Achievable109

4.6 Evaluation of Surface Finish111

5 Tolerance of Roll Bearing112

5.1 Introduction112

5.2 ISO Nomenclature113

5.3 Various Load Conditions115

5.3.1 Various load conditions are discussed below115

5.3.2 Load conditions and fits115

5.4 Geometric and Dimensional Accuracy,Surface Finish of Bearing117

5.4.1 The tolerances for geometric accuracy117

5.4.2 Dimensional accuracy118

5.4.3 Rough surface finish119

5.5 The Design and Safety Guidelines126

5.5.1 Conditions of rotation127

5.5.2 Shaft and housing tolerances—guidelines127

5.5.3 Material and design of adjacent construction136

5.5.4 Roll bearing fits with shaft and hole136

6 Tolerance of Gear138

6.1 Gear Types138

6.1.1 Spur gears138

6.1.2 Internal spur gears138

6.1.3 Helical gears138

6.1.4 Racks138

6.1.5 Bevel gears138

6.1.6 Worm and worm wheel139

6.2 Gearing Assemblies139

6.3 Gear Tooth Strength139

6.4 Gear Terms and Abbreviations140

6.5 Addendum Modification(Profile Shift)142

6.5.1 Addendum modification coefficient142

6.5.2 Addendum modification144

6.6 Gear Deviations—Flank Deviations145

6.6.1 Profile deviations145

6.6.2 Total profile deviation Fa145

6.6.3 Profile slope deviation fHa145

6.6.4 Profile form deviation Ffa146

6.6.5 Base diameter deviation fdb and pressure angle deviation FA146

6.6.6 Profile undulation fwa146

6.7 Helix Deviations146

6.7.1 Total helix deviation Fb146

6.7.2 Helix slope deviation fHb147

6.7.3 Helix form deviation ffb147

6.7.4 Helix angle deviation fb147

6.7.5 Helix undulation fwb147

6.8 Gear Deviations—Pitch Deviation147

6.8.1 Single pitch deviation147

6.8.2 Cumulative pitch deviations148

6.9 Gear Tooth Vernier149

7 The Tolerance of Key and Spindle151

7.1 Key and Key Associated Parts151

7.2 Spindle Parts151

8 The Tolerance of Thread152

8.1 Outline152

8.2 The Tolerance and Fit of Common Thread152

9 Measurement Technology154

9.1 Vernier Caliper154

9.2 Micrometer Calipers155

9.3 Dial Indicators156

9.4 Surface Plates157

9.5 Spirit Levels158

10 Dimension Stacking159

10.1 Outline159

10.2 Dimension of Dimension Stacking159

10.3 Tolerance of Dimension Stacking162

APPENDIX163

WORDS204

REFERENCES214