人体骨骼测量方法PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

人体骨骼测量方法PDF格式电子书版下载

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第一部分　测量工具Tools for measurements图1-1 直脚规Sliding caliper　3

图1-2 弯脚规Spreading caliper　3

图1-3 直脚式三脚平行规Coordinate caliper Parallelometer　4

图1-4 弯脚式三脚平行规Coordinate caliper,Spreading parallelometer　4

图1-5 马丁测高仪Anthropometer　5

图1-6 两支弯脚Parts of anthropometer　5

图1-7 卷尺Plastic tape　6

图1-8 圆杆直脚规Rod compass　6

图1-9 圆杆弯脚规Rod spreading compass　7

图1-10 测齿规Sliding caliper with vernier　7

图1-11 摩立逊定颅器Mollison's eraniopher　8

图1-12 附着式量角器Attachable goniometer　8

图1-13 测腭器Palatometer　9

图1-14 测眶器Orbitometer　9

图1-15 测下颌骨器Mandibulometer　10

图1-16 立方定颅器Cubic craniophor　10

图1-17 水平定位仪Horizontal tracing needle　11

图1-18 马丁描骨器Diagraph　11

图1-19 托颅盘Skull bowl for cubic craniophor　12

图1-20 平行定点仪Parallelometer Parallelograph　12

图1-21 持骨器Bone clamp Bone support　13

图1-22 测骨盘Osteometric table Osteometric board　13

第二部分　颅骨测点The measurement point of skull图2-1 颅骨正面测点ⅠThe measurement points of skull,Anterior aspect Ⅰ　17

图2-2 颅骨正面测点ⅡThe measurement points of skull,Anterior aspect Ⅱ　17

图2-3 颅骨底面测点ⅠThe measurement points of skull,Inferior aspect Ⅰ　18

图2-4 颅骨底面测点ⅡThe measurement points of skull,Inferior aspect Ⅱ　18

图2-5 颅骨侧面测点The measurement points of skull,Lateral aspect　19

图2-6 颅骨背面测点The measurement points of skull,Posterior aspect　19

图2-7 颅骨顶面测点The measurement points of skull,Superior aspect　20

图2-8 下颌骨正面测点The measurement points of mandible Anterior aspect　20

图2-9 下颌骨侧面测点The measurement points of mandible Lateral aspect　21

第三部分　颅骨测量Craniometry图3-1 颅骨最大长的测量（后面观）Maximum cranial length posterior aspect　25

图3-2 颅骨最大长的测量（左侧观）Maximum cranial length left lateral aspect　25

图3-3 颅底长的测量Basi-nasal length Basis length　26

图3-4 枕骨大孔长的测量Foramen magnum length　26

图3-5 鼻棘下点至大孔前缘点长的测量Subspinale-endobasion length　27

图3-6 颅骨最大宽的测量Maximum cranial breadth　27

图3-7 额骨最小宽的测量Minimum frontal breadth　28

图3-8 额骨最大宽的测量Maximum frontal breadth　28

图3-9 冠颞点间宽的测量Stephanienbreite　29

图3-10 耳点间宽的测量Biauricular breadth　29

图3-11 枕骨最大宽的测量Maximum occipital breadth　30

图3-12 乳突间宽的测量Bimastoidal breadth　30

图3-13 颅骨最小宽的测量Minimum cranial breadth　31

图3-14 枕骨大孔宽的测量Foramen magnum breadth　31

图3-15 枕骨底部宽的测量Breite der pars basialis hinterhauptsbeins　32

图3-16 蝶点间宽的测量Bisphenion breadth　32

图3-17 上面宽的测量Upper facial breadth　33

图3-18 两眶内宽的测量Innare biorbital breite　33

图3-19 面宽的测量Bizygomatic breadth　34

图3-20 中面宽Ⅰ的测量Middle facial breadth Ⅰ，zm-zm　34

图3-21 中面宽Ⅱ的测量Middle facial breadth Ⅱ，zm1-zm1　35

图3-22 中眶间宽的测量Middle orbital width,or-or　35

图3-23 鼻根点至两眶内宽之矢高的测量Subtense,fmo-fmo　36

图3-24 鼻尖点之中眶间宽之矢高的测量Subtense,MOW　36

图3-25 颧上颌高或上齿槽点至中面宽之矢高的测量Subtense,GB　37

图3-26 鼻棘下点至颧颌前点连线之矢高的测量Subtense,zm1-zm1　37

图3-27 颅高的测量Basi-bregmatic height　38

图3-28 颅底点至颅顶点高的测量Vertex-basion line　38

图3-29 耳上颅高的测量Auricular height　39

图3-30 前囟点至左右耳门上点连线高的测量Auriculo-bregmatic height　39

图3-31 全面高的测量Morphological facial height,n-gn　40

图3-32 上面高的测量Upper facial height,n-sd　40

图3-33 上齿槽突高的测量Process alveolaris height　41

图3-34 眶宽Ⅰ的测量Orbital breadth Ⅰ，mf-ec　41

图3-35 眶宽Ⅱ的测量Orbital breadth Ⅱ，d-ec　42

图3-36 眶高Ⅰ的测量Orbital height Ⅰ，Maximum height　42

图3-37 眶高Ⅱ的测量Orbital height Ⅱ，1/2 orbital breadth　43

图3-38 两眶宽的测量Biorbital breadth　43

图3-39 后眶间宽的测量Posterior biorbital breadth,la-la　44

图3-40 眶间宽Ⅰ的测量Inter-orbital breadth Ⅰ，d-d　44

图3-41 眶间宽Ⅱ的测量Inter-orbital breadth Ⅱ，mf-mf　45

图3-42 鼻梁至眶间宽之矢高的测量Subtense,d-d　45

图3-43 眶深的测量Orbital depth　46

图3-44 鼻梁至前眶间宽之矢高的测量Subtense,mf-mf　46

图3-45 犬齿窝深的测量Fossa canina depth　47

图3-46 鼻宽的测量Nasal breadth　47

图3-47 鼻高的测量Nasal height,n-ns　48

图3-48 鼻骨最小宽的测量Simotic chord,sc　48

图3-49 鼻骨最小高的测量Simotic subtense,ss　49

图3-50 上颌齿槽弓长的测量Maxillo-alveolar length,pr-alv　49

图3-51 上颌齿槽弓宽的测量Maxillo-alveolar breadth　50

图3-52 腭长的测量Palatal length,ol-sta　50

图3-53 腭宽的测量Palatal breadth,enm-enm　51

图3-54 腭高或腭深的测量Palatal height　51

图3-55 下颌髁突间宽的测量Bicondylar breadth　52

图3-56 喙突间宽的测量Bicoroniod breadth　52

图3-57 下颌角间宽的测量Bigonial breadth　53

图3-58 颏孔间宽的测量Bimental foramen breadth　53

图3-59 下颌体长的测量Length of mandibular body　54

图3-60 颏前点至下颌髁突最向后点之间的投影距离的测量Subtense,The middle point of edl-edl and pogonion(pg)　54

图3-61 下颌联合高的测量Height of mandibular symphysis　55

图3-62 下颌体高Ⅰ的测量Height of mandibular body Ⅰ　55

图3-63 下颌体高Ⅱ的测量Height of mandibular body Ⅱ　56

图3-64 下颌体厚Ⅰ的测量Thickness of mandibular body Ⅰ　56

图3-65 下颌体厚Ⅱ的测量Thickness of mandibular body Ⅱ　57

图3-66 下颌支高的测量Height of mandibular ramus　57

图3-67 下颌喙突高的测量Height of coronoid process　58

图3-68 下颌支宽Ⅰ的测量Breadth of mandibular ramus Ⅰ　58

图3-69 下颌支最小高的测量Height of mandibular notch　59

图3-70 下颌支宽Ⅱ的测量Breadth of mandibular ramus Ⅱ　59

图3-71 下颌支最小宽的测量Minimum breadth of mandibular ramus　60

图3-72 下颌切迹宽的测量Breadth of incisura mandibulae　60

图3-73 下颌切迹深的测量Depth of incisura mandibulae　61

图3-74 下颌骨弧的测量Arc of mandibular bone　61

图3-75 下颌联合弧的测量Arc of mandibular symphysis　62

图3-76 颏孔间弧的测量Bimental bogen　62

图3-77 下颌角的测量Mandibular angle　63

图3-78 上颌齿弓长的测量Zahnbogenl？nge des oberkiefers　63

图3-79 下颌齿弓长的测量Zahnbogenl？nge des unterkiefers　64

图3-80 上颌齿弓宽的测量Zahnbogenbreite des oberkiefers　64

图3-81 下颌齿弓宽的测量Zahnbogenbreite des unterkiefers　65

图3-82 上颌颊齿长的测量Dentall？nge des oberkiefers　65

图3-83 上颌臼齿列长的测量Molarenl？nge des oberkiefers　66

图3-84 下颌臼齿列长的测量Molarenl？nge des unterkeifers　66

图3-85 颅周长的测量Cranial horizontal ci rcumference　67

图3-86 颅骨横弧的测量Cranial transverse arc,Guriculo-bregmatic arc　67

图3-87 颅骨矢状弧的测量Cranial sagittal arc　68

图3-88 额骨矢状弧的测量Frontal arc　68

图3-89 顶骨矢状弧的测量Parietal arc　69

图3-90 枕骨矢状弧的测量Occipital arc　69

图3-91 枕鳞上部矢状弧的测量Arc e-i　70

图3-92 枕鳞下部矢状弧的测量Arc i-o　70

图3-93 额骨矢状弦的测量Frontal chord　71

图3-94 顶骨矢状弦的测量Parietal chord　71

图3-95 枕骨矢状弦的测量Occipital chord　72

图3-96 枕鳞上部矢状弦的测量Superior occipital chord l-i　72

图3-97 枕鳞下部矢状弦的测量Inferior occipital chord i-o　73

图3-98 额骨曲高的测量Frontal subtense　73

图3-99 顶骨曲高的测量Parietal subtense　74

图3-100　枕骨曲高的测量Occipital subtense　74

图3-101　额侧面角的测量Profile angle of frontal bone from nasion　75

图3-102　额骨下部倾角的测量Incl ination angle of lower part of fronta squama m-g-i　75

图3-103　前囟角Ⅰ的测量Bregmatic angle from glabella Ⅰ　76

图3-104　前囟角Ⅱ的测量Bregmatic angle from nasion Ⅱ　76

图3-105　枕角的测量Occipital angle　77

图3-106　人字点-枕外隆凸点角的测量Lambda-inion angle　77

图3-107　大孔后缘点-枕外隆凸点角的测量Opisthion-inion angle　78

图3-108　枕骨大孔倾角的测量Neigungswinkel des foramen magnum　78

图3-109　总面角的测量Total facial angle　79

图3-110　中面角Ⅰ的测量Nasal prognathism Ⅰ　79

图3-111 中面角Ⅱ的测量Nasal prognathism Ⅱ　80

图3-112　齿槽面角Ⅰ的测量Alveolar prognathism Ⅰ　80

图3-113　齿槽面角Ⅱ的测量Alveolar prognathism Ⅱ　81

图3-114　鼻梁侧角的测量Profilwinkel des nasendaches　81

图3-115　下颌侧面角Ⅰ的测量Profilwinkel des unterkiefers Ⅰ　82

图3-116　下颌侧面角Ⅱ的测量Profilwinkel des unterkiefers Ⅱ　82

图3-117　下颌侧面角Ⅲ的测量Profilwinkel des unterkiefers Ⅲ　83

第四部分　脊柱和上肢骨的测量The measurements of vertebral column and upper limb图4-1 寰椎矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of atlas　87

图4-2 寰椎全宽的测量Total transverse diameter of atlas　87

图4-3 寰椎椎孔矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of vertebral for-amen of atlas　88

图4-4 寰椎椎孔横径的测量Maximum transverse diameter of vertebral foramen of atlas　88

图4-5 枢椎齿突高的测量Height of odontoid process of axis　89

图4-6 枢椎全高的测量Total height of axis　89

图4-7 枢椎椎体高的测量Height of vertebral body of axis　90

图4-8 枢椎椎孔矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of vertebral for-amen of axis　90

图4-9 枢椎椎孔横径的测量Maximum transverse diameter of vertebral foramen of axis　91

图4-10 枢椎矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of axis　91

图4-11 枢椎全宽的测量Total transverse diameter of axis　92

图4-12 椎体前高的测量Anterior height of vertebral body　92

图4-13 椎体后高的测量Posterior height of vertebral body　93

图4-14 椎体中心高的测量Middle height of vertebral body　93

图4-15 椎体上矢状径的测量Upper antero-posterior diameter of vertebral body　94

图4-16 椎体下矢状径的测量Lower antero-Posterior diameter of vertebral body　94

图4-17 椎体中部矢状径的测量Middle antero-Posterior diameter of verte-bral body　95

图4-18 椎体上部横径的测量Upper transverse diameter of vertebral body　95

图4-19 椎体下部横径的测量Lower transverse diameter of vertebral body　96

图4-20 椎体中部横径的测量Middle transverse diameter of vertebral body　96

图4-21 椎孔矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of vertebral foramen　97

图4-22 椎孔横径的测量Transverse diameter of vertebral foramen　97

图4-23 棘突上缘倾角的测量Kranialer neigungswinkel der dornfortsatze der vertebra　98

图4-24 棘突下缘倾角的测量Kaudaler neigungswinkel der dornfortsatze der vertebra　98

图4-25 骶骨弧的测量Mid-ventral curved length of sacrum　99

图4-26 骶骨前弦长的测量Mid-ventral straight length of sacrum　99

图4-27 骶骨上部弧的测量Upper curved length of sacrum　100

图4-28 骶骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of sacrum　100

图4-29 骶骨弧高的测量Maximum arch height of sacrum　101

图4-30 骶骨中部弧的测量Middle curved length of sacrum　101

图4-31 骶骨中部宽的测量Middle breadth of sacrum　102

图4-32 骶骨翼长的测量Length of ala of sacrum　102

图4-33 骶骨上面宽的测量Upper breadth of sacrum　103

图4-34 骶骨上面后宽的测量Posterior upper breadth of sacrum　103

图4-35 骶骨耳状面长的测量Length of facies auricularis of sacrum　104

图4-36 骶骨耳状面宽的测量Breadth of facies auricularis of sacrum　104

图4-37 骶管上口矢状径的测量Upper antero-Posterior diameter of sacral canal　105

图4-38 骶管上口横径的测量Upper transverse diameter of sacral canal　105

图4-39 骶骨底正中矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of sacral basis　106

图4-40 骶骨底横径的测量Transverse diameter of sacral basis　106

图4-41 骶前孔间宽的测量Breadth of anterior sacral formaina　107

图4-42 骶骨岬角的测量Promontary angle of sacrum　107

图4-43 胸骨全长的测量Total length of sternum　108

图4-44 胸骨柄长的测量Length of sternal manubrium　108

图4-45 胸骨体长的测量Length of sternal body　109

图4-46 胸骨柄最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of sternal manubrium　109

图4-47 胸骨柄最小宽的测量Minimum breadth of sternal manubrium　110

图4-48 胸骨体最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of sternal body　110

图4-49 胸骨柄最大厚的测量Maximum thickness of sternal manubrium　111

图4-50 胸骨体最大厚的测量Maximum thickness of sternal body　111

图4-51 肋骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of rib　112

图4-52 肋骨厚的测量Thickness of rib body　112

图4-53 肋骨弧的测量Arc length of rib　113

图4-54 肋骨弦的测量Maximum antero-Posterior diameter of rib　113

图4-55 锁骨最大长的测量Maximum length of clavicle　114

图4-56 锁骨骨干曲度高Ⅰ的测量H？he der diaphysenkrümmung der clavicula Ⅰ　114

图4-57 锁骨骨干曲度高Ⅱ的测量H？he der diaphysenkrümmung der clavicula Ⅱ　115

图4-58 锁骨干弦长的测量L？nge der sehne der diaphysen　115

图4-59 锁骨骨干中部高的测量Height of clavicle at mid-point　116

图4-60 锁骨骨干中部矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of clavicle at midpoint　116

图4-61 锁骨骨干中部周的测量Ci rcumference of clavicle at mid-point　117

图4-62 锁骨骨干最小宽的测量Minimum width of clavicle　117

图4-63 肩胛骨形态宽的测量Morphological breadth of scapu la　118

图4-64 肩胛骨形态长的测量Morphological length of scapula　118

图4-65 肩胛骨长的测量Length of scapula　119

图4-66 肩胛骨腋缘长的测量Length of margo axillaris of scapula　119

图4-67 肩胛骨上缘长的测量Length of margo superior of scapula　120

图4-68 冈下窝高的测量Breadth of infraspinous fossa　120

图4-69 冈上窝高的测量Breadth of supraspinous fossa　121

图4-70 肩胛冈长的测量Length of scapular spine　121

图4-71 肩胛冈根部长的测量Length of basis spine　122

图4-72 肩峰宽的测量Breadth of acromion　122

图4-73 肩峰长的测量Length of acromion　123

图4-74 喙突长的测量Length of coracoid process　123

图4-75 关节盂长的测量Length of glaniod cavity of scapula　124

图4-76 关节盂宽的测量Breadth of glaniod cavity of scapula　124

图4-77 关节盂深的测量Depth of glaniod cavity of scapula　125

图4-78 肱骨最大长的测量Maximum Length of humerus　125

图4-79 肱骨全长的测量All Length of humerus　126

图4-80 肱骨上端宽的测量Breadth of proximal epiPhysis of humerus　126

图4-81 肱骨下端宽的测量Breadth of distal epiPhysis of humerus　127

图4-82 肱骨骨干中部最大径的测量Maximum diameter of humerus at middle　127

图4-83 肱骨骨干中部最小径的测量Minimum diameter of humerus at middle　128

图4-84 肱骨骨干中部模径的测量Transverse diameter of shaft of humerus at middle　128

图4-85 肱骨骨干中部矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of shaft of humerus at middle　129

图4-86 肱骨骨干最小周的测量Least circumference of diaphysis of humerus　129

图4-87 肱骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference of diaphysis of humerus at middle　130

图4-88 肱骨头周的测量Circumference of head of humerus　130

图4-89 肱骨头横径的测量Maximum transverse diameter of head of humerus　131

图4-90 肱骨头纵径的测量Maximum sagittal diameter of head of humerus　131

图4-91 肱骨滑车宽的测量Breadth of trochlea of humerus　132

图4-92 肱骨滑车和小头宽的测量Breadth of capitulum and trochlea of humerus　132

图4-93 肱骨滑车矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of trochlea of humerus　133

图4-94 鹰嘴窝宽的测量Breadth of olecranon fossa of humerus　133

图4-95 鹰嘴窝深的测量Depth of olecranon fossa of humerus　134

图4-96 肱骨髁干角的测量Condylo-diaphyseal angle of humerus　134

图4-97 肱骨头干角的测量Capito-diaphyseal angle of humerus　135

图4-98 肱骨扭转角的测量Angle of torsion of humerus　135

图4-99 桡骨生理长的测量Physiological length of radius　136

图4-100　桡骨最大长的测量Maximum length of radius　136

图4-101　桡骨骨干最小周的测量Least circumference of distal half of radius　137

图4-102　桡骨骨干横径的测量Transverse diameter of shaft of radius　137

图4-103　桡骨骨干矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of shaft of radius　138

图4-104　桡骨骨干中部横径的测量Transverse diameter of shaft of radius at middle　138

图4-105　桡骨骨干中部矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of shaft of radius at middle　139

图4-106　桡骨小头横径的测量Transverse diameter of capitulum of radius　139

图4-107　桡骨小头矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of capitulum of radius　140

图4-108　桡骨颈横径的测量Transverse diameter of Reck of radius　140

图4-109　桡骨颈矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of neck of radius　141

图4-110　桡骨颈周的测量Circumference of neck of radius　141

图4-111　桡骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference of shaft of radius　142

图4-112　桡骨下端宽的测量Breadth of distal epiphysis of radius　142

图4-113　桡骨颈干角的测量Collo-diaphyseal angle of radius　143

图4-114　尺骨最大长的测量Maximum length of ulna　143

图4-115　尺骨生理长的测量Physiological length of ulna　144

图4-116　鹰嘴小头长的测量Length of olecranon and head of ulna　144

图4-117　尺骨骨干最小周的测量Least circumference of shaft of ulna　145

图4-118　尺骨骨干矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of shaft of ulna at the upper third　145

图4-119　尺骨骨干横径的测量Transverse diameter of shaft of ulna at the upper third　146

图4-120　尺骨上部横径的测量Superior transverse diameter of ulna　146

图4-121　尺骨上部矢状径的测量Superior sagittal diameter of ulna　147

图4-122　鹰嘴宽的测量Breadth of olecranon　147

图4-123　鹰嘴深的测量Depth of olecranon　148

图4-124　鹰嘴高的测量Height of olecranon　148

图4-125　鹰嘴-冠突间距的测量Length of olecranon-coronoid process of ulna　149

图4-126　尺骨冠突上关节面桡侧部前宽的测量Anterior breadth of radial notch and coronoid process of Ulna　149

图4-127　尺骨冠突上关节面桡侧部后宽的测量Posterior breadth of radial notch and coronoid process of Ulna　150

图4-128　肘关节轴角的测量（同尺骨角）Ulnar-winkel　150

图4-129　手舟骨最大长的测量Maximum length of scaphoid bone　151

图4-130　手舟骨最大高的测量Maximum height of scaphoid bone　151

图4-131　手舟骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of scaphoid bone　152

图4-132　月骨长的测量Length of lunate bone　152

图4-133　月骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of lunate bone　153

图4-134　月骨最大高的测量Maximum height of lunate bone　153

图4-135　大多角骨最大长的测量Maximum length of trapezium bone　154

图4-136　大多角骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of trapezium bone　154

图4-137　大多角骨最大高的测量Maximum height of trapezium bone　155

图4-138　掌骨长的测量Length of metacarpal bone　155

图4-139　指骨长的测量Length of phalanx　156

第五部分　骨盆、髋骨和游离下肢骨的测量The measurements of pelvis,os coxae and lower limb图5-1 骨盆最大高的测量Maximum height of pelvis　159

图5-2 骨盆最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of pelvis　159

图5-3 骨盆外矢状径的测量External conjugate diameter of pelvis　160

图5-4 髋骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of os coxae　160

图5-5 髂前上棘间宽的测量Interspinous diameter of anterior superior iliac spine　161

图5-6 髂前下棘间宽的测量Interspinous diameter of ante rior inferior iliac spine　161

图5-7 髂后上棘间宽的测量Interspinous diameter of posterior superior iliac spine　162

图5-8髂后下棘间宽的测量Interspinous diameter of poste rior inferior iliac spine　162

图5-9 髋臼间宽的测量Breadth of left and right acetabular center　163

图5-10 坐骨棘间宽的测量Breadth of left and right ischial spine　163

图5-11 髂骨高的测量Height of ilium　164

图5-12 髂翼高的测量Height of ala of ilium　164

图5-13 髂窝深的测量Depth of iliac fossa　165

图5-14 髂骨宽的测量Breadth of ilium　165

图5-15 髂骨最小宽的测量Minimum breadth of ilium　166

图5-16 髂翼宽的测量Breadth of ala of ilium　166

图5-17 髋臼耻联宽的测量Breadth of acetabular fossa and symphysial surface　167

图5-18 最大坐耻径的测量Maximum ischio-pubic diameter　167

图5-19 坐骨长Ⅰ的测量Ischium length Ⅰ　168

图5-20 坐骨长Ⅱ的测量Ischium length Ⅱ　168

图5-21 坐骨长Ⅲ的测量Ischium length Ⅲ　169

图5-22 耻骨长Ⅰ的测量Pubis length Ⅰ　169

图5-23 耻骨长Ⅱ的测量Pubis length Ⅱ　170

图5-24 耻骨长Ⅲ的测量Pubis length Ⅲ　170

图5-25 耻骨联合高的测量Height of pubic symphysis　171

图5-26 闭孔长的测量Length of obturator foramen　171

图5-27 闭孔宽的测量Breadth of obturator foramen　172

图5-28 髋臼最大径的测量Maximum diameter of acetabulum　172

图5-29 耳状面最大长的测量Maximum length of auricular surface　173

图5-30 骨盆入口矢状径的测量Diameter of obstetric conjugata　173

图5-31 骨盆中矢状径的测量Normal-conjugata　174

图5-32 骨盆下矢状径的测量Unterer sagittaler durehmesser des kleinen Beckens　174

图5-33 骨盆入口横径的测量Querdurchmesser des beckeneinganges　175

图5-34 骨盆入口斜径的测量Schrager durechmesser des beckene inganges　175

图5-35 骨盆下骶耻径的测量Sagittaler durechmesser des beckenenge　176

图5-36 骨盆出口横径的测量Querdurchmesser des beckenausganges　176

图5-37 小骨盆侧高的测量Seitliche H？he des kleinen beckens　177

图5-38 小骨盆前高的测量Vordere H？he des kleinen beckens　177

图5-39 坐骨大切迹宽的测量Breadth of greater sciatic notch　178

图5-40 坐骨大切迹深的测量Depth of greater sciatic notch　178

图5-41 耻骨下角的测量Sub-pubic angle　179

图5-42 骨盆倾角的测量Inclination angle of pelvis　179

图5-43 骶骨倾角的测量Sakralneigungswinkel　180

图5-44 股骨最大长的测量Maximum length of femur　180

图5-45 股骨全长的测量Bicondylar length of femUr　181

图5-46 股骨转子内髁长的测量Length of trochanter and medial condyle　181

图5-47 股骨转子全长的测量Trochanterlange in sogenannter naturlicher stellung　182

图5-48 股骨转子外髁长的测量Trochanter-lateral condyle length　182

图5-49 股骨骨干长的测量Length of shaft of femur　183

图5-50 股骨骨干中部矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of femur at middle　183

图5-51 股骨骨干中部横径的测量Transverse diameter of femru at middle　184

图5-52 股骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference of femoral shaft at middle　184

图5-53 股骨骨干上部横径的测量Maximum transverse diameter of subtro-chanteric flattening of femur　185

图5-54 股骨骨干上部矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of subtro-chanteric flattening of femur　185

图5-55 股骨骨干下部最小矢状径的测量Minimum anter-posterior diem-eter of inferior shaft of femur　186

图5-56 股骨骨干下部横径的测量Transverse diameter of inferior shaft of femur　186

图5-57 股骨上端宽的测量Superior breadth of shaft of femur　187

图5-58 股骨颈头前长的测量Vordere collum-und caputl？nge des femur　187

图5-59 股骨头垂直径的测量Vertical diameter of femoral head　188

图5-60 股骨头矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of femoral head　188

图5-61 股骨头周的测量Circumference of femoral head　189

图5-62 股骨颈垂直径的测量Vertical diameter of neck of femur　189

图5-63 股骨颈矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of neck of femUr　190

图5-64 股骨颈周的测量Circumference of neck of femur　190

图5-65 股骨上髁宽的测量Epicondylar breadth of femur　191

图5-66 股骨外侧髁长的测量Length of lateral condyle of femur　191

图5-67 股骨内侧髁长的测量Length of medial condyle of femur　192

图5-68 股骨外侧髁高的测量Height of lateral condyle of femur　192

图5-69 股骨内侧髁高的测量Height of medial condyle of femur　193

图5-70 股骨骨干弦长的测量Chord of shaft of femur　193

图5-71 股骨颈干角的测量Collo-diaphyseal angle of femur　194

图5-72 股骨髁干角的测量Condyto-diaphyseal angle of femur　194

图5-73 股骨扭转角的测量Angle of torsion of femur　195

图5-74 髌骨最大高的测量Maximum height of patel la　195

图5-75 髌骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of patella　196

图5-76 髌骨最大厚的测量Maximum thickness of patella　196

图5-77 髌骨关节面高的测量Height of anticula surface of patella　197

图5-78 髌骨内侧关节面宽的测量Breadth of medial anticular surface of patella　197

图5-79 髌骨外侧关节面宽的测量Breadth of lateral anticular surface of patella　198

图5-80 胫骨最大长的测量Maximum length of tibia　198

图5-81 胫骨全长的测量Length of lateral condyle and medial mal leolus of tibia　199

图5-82 胫骨长的测量Length of medial condyle and medial malleolus of tibia　199

图5-83 胫骨生理长的测量Physiological length of tibia　200

图5-84 胫骨髁踝长的测量Condylo-malleolar length of tibia　200

图5-85 胫骨上端宽的测量Proximal epiphyseal breadth of tibia　201

图5-86 胫骨上内侧关节面宽的测量Breadth of superior medial anticular surface of tibia　201

图5-87 胫骨上外侧关节面宽的测量Breadth of superior lateral anticular surface of tibia　202

图5-88 胫骨上内侧关节面矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of superior medial anticular surface of tibia　202

图5-89 胫骨上外侧关节面矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of superior lateral anticular surface of tibia　203

图5-90 胫骨粗隆处最大矢状径的测量Maximun anterior-posterior diam-eter of tuberosity of tibia　203

图5-91 胫骨粗隆处横径的测量Maximun transverse diameter of tuberosity of tibia　204

图5-92 胫骨中部最大径的测量Maximum diameter of tibia at middle　204

图5-93 胫骨中部横径的测量Transverse diameter of tibia at middle　205

图5-94 胫骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference of tibia at middle　205

图5-95 胫骨骨干最小周的测量Least Circumference of tibia shaft　206

图5-96 滋养孔处横径的测量Transverse diameter of tibia at level of nutrient foramen　206

图5-97 滋养孔处矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of tibia at level of nutrient foramen　207

图5-98 胫骨下端宽的测量Breadth of distal epiphysis of tibia　207

图5-99 胫骨下端矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of distal epi-physis of tibia　208

图5-100　胫骨骨干弦长的测量L？nge der Schaftsehne der tibia　208

图5-101　胫骨骨干曲度高的测量H？he der schaftkrümmung der tibia　209

图5-102　胫骨后倾角的测量Retroversionswinkel der tibia　209

图5-103　胫骨倾斜角的测量lnklinationswinkel der tibia　210

图5-104　胫骨扭转角的测量Angle of torsion of tibia　210

图5-105　腓骨最大长的测量Maximum length of fibula　211

图5-106　腓骨小头外踝长的测量Length of apex of fibular head and lateral malleolar fossa　211

图5-107　腓骨中部最大径的测量Maximum diameter of fibula at middle　212

图5-108　腓骨中部最小径的测量Minimum diameter of fibula at middle　212

图5-109　腓骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference diameter of fibula at middle　213

图5-110　腓骨上端宽的测量Superior breadth of fibula　213

图5-111　腓骨下端宽的测量Inferior breadth of fibula　214

图5-112　跟骨最大长的测量Maximum length of calcaneus　214

图5-113　跟骨全长的测量Ganze l？nge des caleaneus　215

图5-114　跟骨中部宽的测量Mittlere breite des caleaneus　215

图5-115　跟骨最小宽的测量Kleinste Breite des corpus caleanei　216

图5-116　跟骨高的测量H？he des caleaneus　216

图5-117　跟骨最小高的测量Minimum height of calcaneus　217

图5-118　跟骨后距关节面偏转角的测量Ablenkungswinkel der facies articularis dorsal is calcanei　217

图5-119　距骨长的测量Length of talus　218

图5-120　距骨宽的测量Projected breadth of talus　218

图5-121　距骨高的测量Mid-trochlear height of talus　219

图5-122　后跟关节面偏转角的测量Ablenkungswinkel der facies articularis calcanea dorsalis des talus　219

图5-123　距骨颈偏转角的测量Ablenkungswinkel des collum tali　220

图5-124　距骨头扭转角的测量Torsionswinkel des caput tali　220

图5-125　足舟骨宽的测量Breadth of navicular bone　221

图5-126　足舟骨高的测量Height of navicular bone　221

图5-127　足舟骨最大前后径的测量Maximun anterior-posterior diameter of navicular bone　222

图5-128　骰骨内侧长的测量Medial length of cuboid bone　222

图5-129　骰骨外侧长的测量Lateral length of cuboid bone　223

图5-130　第一跖骨长的测量Length of 1st metatarsal bone　223

图5-131 （第二至第五）跖骨长的测量Length of 2nd-5th metatarsal bone　224

图5-132　跖骨体宽的测量Breadth of shaft of metatarsal bone　224

图5-133　跖骨体高的测量Height of metatarsal bone　225

图5-134　趾骨长的测量Length of phalanx　225

图5-135　趾骨宽的测量Breadth of phalanx　226

图5-136　趾骨体高的测量Height of shaft of phalanx　226