数字与模拟通信系统 原书 第8版 英文版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

数字与模拟通信系统 原书 第8版 英文版PDF格式电子书版下载

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1 INTRODUCTION23

1-1 Historical Perspective25

1-2 Digital and Analog Sources and Systems27

1-3 Deterministic and Random Waveforms28

1-4 Organization of the Book29

1-5 Use of a Personal Computer and MATLAB30

1-6 Block Diagram of a Communication System30

1-7 Frequency Allocations32

1-8 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves34

1-9 Information Measure39

1-10 Channel Capacity and Ideal Communication Systems41

1-11 Coding42

Block Codes,43

Convolutional Codes,45

Code Interleaving,48

Code Performance,48

Trellis- Coded Modulation,50

1-12 Preview52

1-13 Study-Aid Examples52

Problems53

2 SIGNALS AND SPECTRA56

2-1 Properties of Signals and Noise56

Physically Realizable Waveforms,57

Time Average Operator,58

DC Value,59

Power,60

RMS Value and Normalized Power,62

Energy and Power Waveforms,63

Decibel63

Phasors,65

2-2 Fourier Transform and Spectra66

Definition,66

Properties of Fourier Transforms,70

Parseval's Theorem and Energy Spectral Density,71

Dirac Delta Function and Unit Step Function,74

Rectangular and Triangular Pulses,77

Convolution,82

2-3 Power Spectral Density and Autocorrelation Function85

Power Spectral Density,85

Autocorrelation Function,87

2-4 Orthogonal Series Representation of Signals and Noise89

Orthogonal Functions,90

Orthogonal Series,91

2-5 Fourier Series93

Complex Fourier Series,93

Quaarature Fourier Series,94

Polar Fourier Series,96

Line Spectra for Periodic Waveforms,97

Power Spectral Density for Periodic Waveforms,102

2-6 Review of Linear Systems104

Linear Time-lnvariant Systems,104

Impulse Response,104

Transfer Function,105

Distortionless Transmission,108

Distortion of Audio, Video, and Data Signals,111

2-7 Bandlimited Signals and Noise111

Bandlimited Waveforms,112

Sampling Theorem,112

Impulse Sampling and Digital Signal Processing,115

Dimensionality Theorem,117

2-8 Discrete Fourier Transform119

Using the DFT to Compute the Continuous Fourier Transform,120

Using the DFT to Compute the Fourier Series,125

2-9 Bandwidth of Signals127

2-10 Summary134

2-11 Study-Aid Examples135

Problems139

3 BASEBAND PULSE AND DIGITAL SIGNALING154

3-1 Introduction154

3-2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation155

Natural Sampling (Gating),155

Instantaneous Sampling (Flat-Top PAM),159

3-3 Pulse Code Modulation163

Sampling, Quantizing, and Encoding,164

Practical PCM Circuits,167

Bandwidth of PCM Signals,168

Effects of Noise,170

Nonuniform Quantizing : μ-Law and A-Law Companding,174

3-4 Digital Signaling177

Vector Representation,179

Bandwidth Estimation,182

Binary Signaling,182

Multilevel Signaling,184

3-5 Line Codes and Spectra186

Binary Line Coding,186

Power Spectra for Binary Line Codes,189

Differe ntial Coding,196

Eye Patterns,197

Regenerative Repeaters,198

Bit Synchronization,200

Power Spectra for Multilevel Polar NRZ Signals,203

Spectral Efficiency,206

3-6 Intersymbol Interference207

Nyquist's First Method (Zero ISI),210

Raised Cosine-Rolloff Nyquist Filtering,211

Nyquist's Second and Third Methods for Control of ISI,216

3-7 Differential Pulse Code Modulation216

3-8 Delta Modulation220

Granular Noise and Slope Overload Noise,223

Adaptive Delta Modulation and Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation,225

Speech Coding,226

3-9 Time-Division Multiplexing228

Frame Synchronization,228

Synchronous and Asynchronous Lines,232

TDM Hierarchy,235

The Tl PCM System,237

3-10 Packet Transmission System241

3-11 Pulse Time Modulation: Pulse Width Modulation and Pulse Position Modulation242

3-12 Summary246

3-13 Study-Aid Examples246

Problems250

4 BANDPASS SIGNALING PRINCIPLES AND CIRCUITS259

4-1 Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Waveforms259

Definitions: Baseband, Bandpass, and Modulation,260

Complex Envelope Representation,260

4-2 Representation of Modulated Signals263

4-3 Spectrum of Bandpass Signals263

4-4 Evaluation of Power267

4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Linear Distortion270

Equivalent Low-Pass Filter,270

Linear Distortion,272

4-6 Bandpass Sampling Theorem274

4-7 Received Signal Plus Noise276

4-8 Classification of Filters and Amplifiers276

Filters,276

Amplifiers,280

4-9 Nonlinear Distortion281

4-10 Limiters286

4-11 Mixers, Up Converters, and Down Converters288

4-12 Frequency Multipliers294

4-13 Detector Circuits296

Envelope Detector,296

Product Detector,297

Frequency Modulation Detector,299

4-14 Phase-Locked Loops and Frequency Synthesizers304

4-15 Direct Digital Synthesis312

4-16 Transmitters and Receivers312

Generalized Transmitters,312

Generalized Receiver: The Superheterodyne Receiver,314

Zero-IF Receivers,318

Interference,319

4-17 Software Radios319

4-18 Summary321

4-19 Study-Aid Examples321

Problems327

5 AM, FM, AND DIGITAL MODULATED SYSTEMS335

5-1 Amplitude Modulation336

5-2 AM Broadcast Technical Standards and Digital AM Broadcasting341

Digital AM Broadcasting,342

5-3 Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier343

5-4 Costas Loop and Squaring Loop344

5-5 Asymmetric Sideband Signals346

Single Sideband,346

Vestigial Sideband,350

5-6 Phase Modulation and Frequency Modulation353

Representation of PM and FM Signals,353

Spectra of Angle-Modulated Signals,358

Narrowband Angle Modulation,363

Wideband Frequency Modulation,364

Preemphasis and Deemphasis in Angle-Modulated Systems,368

5-7 Frequency-Division Multiplexing and FM Stereo370

5-8 FM Broadcast Technical Standards and Digital FM Broadcasting373

Digital FM Broadcasting,373

5-9 Binary Modulated Bandpass Signaling375

On-Off Keying (OOK),375

Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK),379

Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK),381

Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK),381

5-10 Multilevel Modulated Bandpass Signaling388

Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and M-ary Phase-Shift Keying,389

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM),392

OQPSK and π/4 QPSK,393

PSD for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK, and π/4 QPSK,396

Spectral Efficiency for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK, and π/4 QPSK with Raised Cosine Filtering,398

5-11 Minimum-Shift Keying and GMSK400

5-12 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)407

5-13 Spread Spectrum Systems410

Direct Sequence,411

Frequency Hopping,418

SS Frequency Bands,419

5-14 Summary419

5-15 Study-Aid Examples419

Problems423

6 RANDOM PROCESSES AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS436

6-1 Some Basic Definitions437

Random Processes,437

Stationarity and Ergodicity,438

Correlation Functions and Wide-Sense Stationarity,442

Complex Random Processes,445

6-2 Power Spectral Density446

Definition,446

Wiener-Khintchine Theorem,448

Properties of the PSD,450

General Formula for the PSD of Digital Signals,455

White-Noise Processes,457

Measurement of PSD,458

6-3 DC and RMS Values for Ergodic Random Processes459

6-4 Linear Systems461

Input-Output Relationships,461

6-5 Bandwidth Measures466

Equivalent Bandwidth,466

RMS Bandwidth,466

6-6 The Gaussian Random Process468

Properties of Gaussian Processes,470

6-7 Bandpass Processes472

Bandpass Representations,472

Properties of WSS Bandpass Processes,476

Proofs of Some Properties,481

6-8 Matched Filters486

General Results,486

Results for White Noise,488

Correlation Processing,491

Transversal Matched Filter,493

6-9 Summary497

6-10 Appendix: Proof of Schwarz's Inequality499

6-11 Study-AidExamples501

Problems503

7 PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORRUPTED BY NOISE514

7-1 Error Probabilities for Binary Signaling515

General Results,515

Results for Gaussian Noise,517

Results for White Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception,519

Results for Colored Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception,520

7-2 Performance of Baseband Binary Systems521

Unipolar Signaling,521

Polar Signaling,524

Bipolar Signaling,524

7-3 Coherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals526

On-Off Keying,526

Binary-Phase-Shift Keying,528

Frequency-Shift Keying,529

7-4 Noncoherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals533

On-Off Keying,533

Frequency-Shift Keying,537

Differential Phase-Shift Keying,539

7-5 Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and Minimum-Shift Keying541

7-6 Comparison of Digital Signaling Systems543

Bit-Error Rate and Bandwidth,543

Symbol Error and Bit Error for Multilevel Signaling,545

Synchronization,546

7-7 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for PCM Systems547

7-8 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Analog Systems552

Comparison with Baseband Systems,553

AM Systems with Product Detection,554

AM Systems with Envelope Detection,555

DSB-SC Systems,557

SSB Systems,557

PM Systems,558

FM Systems,562

FM Systems with Threshold Extension,565

FM Systems with Deemphasis,567

7-9 Comparison of Analog Signaling Systems570

Ideal System Performance,570

7-10 Summary573

7-11 Study-Aid Examples573

Problems582

8 WIRE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS591

8-1 The Explosive Growth of Telecommunications591

8-2 Telephone Systems592

Historical Basis,592

Modern Telephone Systems and Remote Terminals,593

8-3 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)599

G.DMT and G.Lite Digital Subscriber Lines,600

Video On Demand (VOD),602

Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN),602

8-4 Capacities of Public Switched Telephone Networks605

8-5 Satellite Communication Systems605

Digital and Analog Television Transmission,609

Data and Telephone Signal Multiple Access,611

Satellite Radio Broadcasting,617

8-6 Link Budget Analysis619

Signal Power Received,619

Thermal Noise Sources,622

Characterization of Noise Sources,623

Noise Characterization of Linear Devices,624

Noise Characterization of Cascaded Linear Devices,629

Link Budget Evaluation,631

Eb/No Link Budget for Digital Systems,634

Path Loss for Urban Wireless Environments,635

8-7 FiberOptic Systems640

8-8 Cellular Telephone Systems642

First Generation (1G)—The AMPS Analog Circuit-switched System,646

Second Generation (2G)—The Digital Circuit-switched Systems,648

Third Generation ( 3G)—Digital with Circuit and Packet Switching,651

Fourth Generation (4G)--Digital with Packet Switching,651

8-9 Television652

Analog Black-and-White Television,652

MTS Stereo Sound,659

Analog Color Television,659

Standards for TV and CATV Systems,663

Digital TV (DTV),671

8-10 Cable Data Modems675

8-11 Wireless Data Networks677

WiFi,677

WiMAX,678

8-12 Summary679

8-13 Study-Aid Examples679

Problems684

APPENDIX A MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES, IDENTITIES, AND TABLES691

A-1 Trigonometry and Complex Numbers691

Definitions,691

Trigonometric Identities and Complex Numbers,691

A-2 Differential Calculus692

Definition,692

Differentiation Rules,692

Derivative Table,692

A-3 Indeterminate Forms693

A-4 Integral Calculus693

Definition,693

Integration Techniques,694

A-5 Integral Tables694

Indefinite Integrals,694

Definite Integrals,695

A-6 Series Expansions696

Finite Series,696

Infinite Series,696

A-7 Hilbert Transform Pairs697

A-8 The Dirac Delta Function697

Properties of Dirac Delta Functions,698

A-9 Tabulation of Sa (x) = (sin x)/x699

A-10 Tabulation of Q (z)700

APPENDIX B PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES702

B-1 Introduction702

B-2 Sets703

B-3 Probability and Relative Frequency704

Simple Probability,704

Joint Probability,705

Conditional Probabilities,706

B-4 Random Variables707

B-5 Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Density Functions707

Properties of CDFs and PDFs,710

Discrete and Continuous Distributions,710

B-6 Ensemble Average and Moments714

Ensemble Average,714

Moments,715

B-7 Examples of Important Distributions717

Binomial Distribution,717

Poisson Distribution,720

Uniform Distribution,720

Gaussian Distribution,720

Sinusoidal Distribution,725

B-8 Functional Transformations of Random Variables726

B-9 Multivariate Statistics731

Multivariate CDFs and PDFs,731

Bivariate Statistics,733

Gaussian Bivariate Distribution,734

Multivariate Functional Transformation,734

Central Limit Theorem,737

Problems738

APPENDIX C USING MATLAB745

C-1 About the MATLAB M-Files746

C-2 Quick Start for Running M-Files746

C-3 Programming in MATLAB747

REFERENCES749

ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS761

INDEX769