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Chapter 1 Introduction1

1.1 Rationale1

1.2 Research Objectives7

1.3 Research Values7

1.4 Research Methodology9

1.5 Structure of the Book10

Chapter 2 Literature Review13

2.1 Introduction13

2.2 Conceptualization of Time13

2.3 Previous Studies of Tense in English15

2.3.1 Tense as a Grammaticalised Means of Time-distinctions15

2.3.2 Tense as a Deictic Category26

2.3.3 Tense as a Grounding Element32

2.4 Previous Studies of the Perfect Aspect in English38

2.4.1 Uses and Problems of the Perfect Aspect in Modern English40

2.4.2 Studies of the Perfect Aspect from Three Major Perspectives43

2.5 Summary63

Chapter 3 Theoretical Foundations67

3.1 Introduction67

3.2 Conceptual Metaphor Theory（CMT）68

3.2.1 Image-Schema as the Basis of Metaphor68

3.2.2 Metaphor as a Means of Conceptualization72

3.3 Conceptual Metonymy Theory（CMYT）73

3.3.1 Metonymy as a Means of Reference73

3.3.2 Metonymy as a Means of Conceptualizaiton74

3.4 Conceptual Blending Theory（CBT）76

3.4.1 Limits of CMT and CMYT77

3.4.2 Mechanism of CBT77

3.4.3 Conceptual Blending as a Means of Conceptualization81

3.5 Summary82

Chapter 4 A Study of the Polysemy of the Past Tense from the Perspectives of CMT and CBT84

4.1 Introduction84

4.2 Motivations for the Relations among the Various Uses of the Past Tense86

4.2.1 Levelling of the Inflectional Endings of the Past Tense in Middle English86

4.2.2 Uniform of the Past Tense in Modern English88

4.3 Towards a Radial Polysemic Category90

4.3.1 Infeasibility of the Strategy of Homonymy or Abstraction90

4.3.2 Meaning Extension of the Past Tense through Metaphor and Conceptual Blending93

4.4 Summary107

Chapter 5 A Study of the Polysemy of the Present Tense from the Perspectives of CMYT and CBT109

5.1 Introduction109

5.2 Perfective and Imperfective Processes110

5.3 Motivations for the Relations among the Various Uses of the Present Tense113

5.3.1 Levelling of the Inflectional Endings of the Present Tense in Middle English113

5.3.2 Near Uniform of the Present Tense in Modern English116

5.4 Towards a Radial Polysemic Category118

5.4.1 The Temporal Meaning of the Present Time118

5.4.2 The Basic Meaning of the Present Tense119

5.4.3 Meaning Extension of the Present Tense through Metonymy and Conceptual Blending127

5.5 Summary140

Chapter 6 A Study of the Semantic Interactions between Tense and the Perfect Aspect from the Perspective of CBT141

6.1 Introduction141

6.2 A New Construal of the Perfect Aspect142

6.3 Semantic Interactions between the Present Tense and the Perfect Aspect144

6.3.1 CB among a Perfective Process,the Perfect Aspect and the Present Tense145

6.3.2 CB among an Imperfective process,the Perfect Aspect and the Present Tense150

6.3.3 A Radial Polysemic Model of the Present Perfect Aspect155

6.4 Semantic Interactions between the Past Tense and the Perfect Aspect156

6.4.1 CB between the Past Tense and the Perfect Aspect157

6.4.2 A Radial Polysemic Model of the Past Perfect Aspect159

6.5 Accounts for the Present Perfect Puzzle and Related Problems160

6.5.1 Accounts for the Present Perfect Puzzle160

6.5.2 Accounts for the Wh-Puzzle164

6.5.3 Accounts for the Sequence of Tense Puzzle167

6.6 Summary169

Chapter 7 Conclusion171

7.1 Major Findings of the Present Study171

7.1.1 Revelation of Radial Polysemic Models of the Past Tense and the Present Tense in English171

7.1.2 Revelation of Radial Polysemic Models of the Present Perfect Aspect and the Past Perfect Aspect in English173

7.1.3 Revelation of Consistent and Reasonable Accounts for the Present Perfect Puzzle and Related Problems174

7.2 Limitations of the Present Study and Suggestions for Future Studies174

Bibliography176

Acknowledgements197