图书介绍
Exploring the Mandatory Life Sentence for MurderPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载
- Mitchell 著
- 出版社： Hart Publishing Limited
- ISBN：9781849462280;1849462283
- 出版时间：2012
- 标注页数：175页
- 文件大小：8MB
- 文件页数：191页
- 主题词：
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图书目录
Introduction1
Overview2
The Argument2
Overview of the Volume3
1: Defining Murder and Other Forms of Criminal Homicide5
Overview5
Ⅰ. Some Preliminary Considerations6
Ⅱ. The Law's Reflection of the Seriousness of Homicides8
Ⅲ. The Most Serious Forms of Criminal Homicide as Defined by Other Jurisdictions13
Ⅳ. The Over-inclusivity and Under-inclusivity of Murder in England and Wales16
Ⅴ. Conclusions23
2: Origins of the Mandatory Life Sentence for Murder25
Overview25
Ⅰ. The Abolition of the Death Penalty25
Ⅱ. Conclusion35
3: The Mandatory Life Sentence for Murder: the Status Quo36
Overview36
Ⅰ. The Evolution of the Mandatory Life Sentence36
Ⅱ. The Legal Construction of the Mandatory Life Sentence39
Ⅲ. The Meaning of Life: The Mandatory Life Sentence in Practice48
Ⅳ. Release of Mandatory Lifers on Licence50
Ⅴ. Conclusions54
4: Making the Case For and Against the Mandatory Life Sentence55
Overview55
Ⅰ. The Uniqueness of Murder55
Ⅱ. The Consequences of the Law's Failure to Ensure that Murder is Uniquely Heinous56
Ⅲ. The Need to Maintain Public Confidence in the Criminal Justice System58
Ⅳ. Public Protection and Dangerousness60
Ⅴ. The Need to Distinguish between Murder and Manslaughter62
Ⅵ. Problems in Assessing the Correct Length of Determinate Sentences62
Ⅶ. Further Reasons for Abandoning the Mandatory Life Sentence63
Ⅷ. Conclusions65
5: Public Knowledge of Trends in Crime and Punishment66
Overview66
Ⅰ. Why are Public Views Relevant?66
Ⅱ. Why Has the Subject been Overlooked?69
Ⅲ. Deficiencies of Opinion Polls as a Measure of Public Opinion70
Ⅳ. Murder as a Special Case72
Ⅴ. Surveys of Attitudes to the Death Penalty73
Ⅵ. Our Research74
Ⅶ. Public Knowledge of Murder Trends and the Mandatory Life Sentence76
Ⅷ. Murder Trends in England and Wales: Perceptions and Reality78
Ⅸ. Perceptions of Time Served in Prison by Offenders Convicted of Murder81
Ⅹ. Public Estimates of Life Licence Re-offending Statistics84
Ⅺ. Knowledge Levels of the Mandatory Life Sentence in Focus Groups86
Ⅻ. Conclusions86
6: Public Attitudes to Sentencing in Cases of Murder88
Overview88
Ⅰ. Poll Trends in Attitudes to Sentencing for Murder88
Ⅱ. Previous Research on Public Attitudes to Sentencing in Cases of Murder90
Ⅲ. Purposes of Sentencing91
Ⅳ. Perceptions of Sentencing Leniency92
Ⅴ. Public Reaction to Sentencing in Specific Cases of Murder93
Ⅵ. Public Reaction to'Joint Enterprise'Murder100
Ⅶ. Comparisons with Other Jurisdictions103
Ⅷ. Conclusions105
7: Exploring the Relationship between Information and Attitudes to Sentencing106
Overview106
Ⅰ. Effects of Information on Attitudes: Some Prior Research Findings107
Ⅱ. Conclusion116
8: Reforming the Sentence for Murder: the Way Forward117
Introduction117
Ⅰ. The Case Against the Status Quo117
Ⅱ. Objectives of the Scheme118
Ⅲ. Some assumptions Underlying the Model119
Ⅳ. Towards a More Principled Sentencing Regime119
Ⅴ. Three Sentence Categories: (Ⅰ) Life Without Parole; (Ⅱ) Life With Parole; (Ⅲ) Fixed Terms of Imprisonment121
Ⅵ. Judicial Discretion136
Ⅶ. A Necessary Procedural Adjustment138
Ⅷ. Mitigating Factors139
Ⅸ. Sentence Reduction for a Guilty Plea140
Ⅹ. Public Legal Education141
Ⅺ. Coda141
Appendix A: Comparative Approaches to the Definition and Sentencing of Murder143
Appendix B: Comparison of Schedule 21 with the Practice Direction153
Appendix C: Survey Instrument156
Bibliography163
Index171