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Preface1

Chapter One　Introduction1

1.1　Name,Scope and Nature1

1.1.1 Name1

1.1.2 Scope2

1.1.3 Nature5

1.2 Definition:A Chinese Approach7

1.3 Justification for Private International Law9

1.3.1 Justice and Reciprocation10

1.3.2 Sovereign Justification10

1.3.3 Economic Justification11

1.3.4 Chinese Doctrine14

1.4 Sources of Private International Law16

1.4.1 Domestic Sources16

1.4.2 International Sources20

1.4.3 Sources of Chinese Private International Law22

1.5 Structure and Categories of Conflicts Rules24

1.5.1 Structure of Conflicts Rule24

1.5.2 Categories26

Chapter Two Historical Survey27

2.1 European Continental History27

2.1.1 Antiquity27

2.1.2 Personal Law Period28

2.1.3 The Statute Theories29

2.1.4 The German Contribution:Seat Theory32

2.2 Anglo-American History34

2.2.1 English History34

2.2.2 American History35

2.3 East Asian History43

2.3.1 Japanese History43

2.3.2 Chinese History49

Chapter Three The Subjects of Private International Law57

3.1 Natural Persons57

3.1.1 Nationality58

3.1.2 Domicile62

3.2 Legal Persons65

3.2.1 Nationality65

3.2.2 Domicile69

3.2.3 Recognition of Foreign Legal Persons71

3.3 States72

3.3.1 Characteristics of States as the Subjects of Private International Law72

3.3.2 Immunities of States and Their Property73

3.4 International organizations80

3.4.1 Characteristics of International Organizations as the Subjects of Private International Law80

3.4.2 Privileges and Immunities82

3.4.3 Applicable Law83

Chapter Four Jurisdiction of Courts in International Civil Litigation85

4.1 Basic Theory of Jurisdiction85

4.1.1 Definition of Jurisdiction in the Context of Private International Law85

4.1.2 Categories of Jurisdiction86

4.1.3 Conflicts of Jurisdiction88

4.2 International Civil Jurisdiction in the United States Courts92

4.2.1 Types of Civil Jurisdiction in the United States92

4.2.2 Bases for Jurisdiction in the United States94

4.2.3 Limits on Jurisdiction:Forum non conveniens101

4.3 International Civil Jurisdiction in Chinese Courts104

4.3.1 Overview104

4.3.2 Jurisdiction of the Chinese People's Courts in International Civil Litigation108

Chapter Five General Part of Conflicts Law123

5.1 Characterization123

5.1.1 The Need for Characteriziation123

5.1.2 Conflict of Characterizations125

5.1.3 Application of Law for Characterization126

5.1.4 Characterization in Chinese People's Courts129

5.2 Renvoi130

5.2.1 Definition130

5.2.2 Debate on Renvoi132

5.2.3 Application of the Doctrine in Certain Foreign Countries/Regions133

5.2.3 Renvoi in Chinese Legislation and Judicial Practice136

5.3 Proof of Foreign Law and Evasion of Law137

5.3.1 Need for the Proof of Foreign Law137

5.3.2 Proof of Foreign Law in Some Foreign Jurisdictions138

5.3.3 Proof of Foreign Law in Chinese People's Courts143

5.3.4 Evasion of Law147

5.4 Public Order Reservation149

5.4.1 Introduction149

5.4.2 Legislative Development of the Doctrine of Ordre Public in China150

5.4.3 Cases in which the Doctrine is Invoked by the People's Courts of China154

5.4.4 Chinese Scholarship on Ordre Public165

5.4.5 Conclusion167

Chapter Six Selected Areas of Conflicts Rules170

6.1 Capacities170

6.1.1 Natural Persons171

6.1.2 Legal Persons177

6.2 Contracts179

6.2.1 Overview179

6.2.2 Party Autonomy181

6.2.3 Applicable Law in the Absence of Choice188

6.3 Torts192

6.3.1 Overview192

6.3.2 Conflicts Rules in Torts in Certain Foreign Countries194

6.3.3 Chinese Conflicts Rules in Torts200

6.4 Property215

6.4.1 The Distinction in Law between Movables and Immovables215

6.4.2 The Law Applicable to Immovables216

6.4.3 The Law Applicable to Movables217

6.4.4 The Sphere of the Lex Situs218

6.4.5 Chinese Conflicts Rules in Property219

6.5 Family Issues220

6.5.1 Introduction220

6.5.2 Marriage and Divorce221

6.5.3 Matrimonial Causes226

6.5.4 Conclusion230

6.6 Succession232

6.6.1 Overview232

6.6.2 Legal Succession233

6.6.3 Testamentary Succession234

6 6.4 Vacant Succession236

6.6.5 Chinese Legislation and Practice237

Chapter Seven Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments243

7.1 General Observations243

7.1.1 Definitions243

7.1.2 Theoretical Basis for Recognition and Enforcement244

7.1.3 Conditions of Recognition and Enforcement246

7.1.4 Enforcement Procedures of Recognized Foreign Judgments247

7.2 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in China248

7.2.1 Domestic Rules Regarding Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments249

7.2.2 International Treaties and Bilateral Agreements252

Chapter Eight Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards254

8.1 Characteristics of International Commercial Arbitration254

8.1.1 Overview254

8.1.2 The Meaning of"international"and"Commercial"255

8.2 Basic Theory of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards258

8.2.1 Distinction between Recognition and Enforcement258

8.2.2 Place of Recognition and Enforcement259

8.2.3 Consequences of Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement261

8.3 The Regime for the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards in China261

8.3.1 The New York Convention in China262

8.3.2 Chinese Domestic Law on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards267

Chapter Nine China's Codification of Conflicts Law:Latest Development268

9.1 A Brief Summary of the Draft269

9.2 Comments on the Important Issues of the Draft270

9.2.1 General Provisions270

9.2.2 Civil Parties278

9.2.3 Family Relationships281

9.2.4 Succession283

9.2.5 Property or Real Rights284

9.2.6 Intellectual Property286

9.2.7 Contracts286

9.2.8 Torts291

9.2.9 Other Civil Relationships294

9.3 Concluding Remarks295

Selected Bibliography297

Annexes300

Annex Ⅰ Glossary of Private International Law300

Annex Ⅱ Model Law of Private International Law of The People's Republic of China330

Annex Ⅲ Chapter Eight of the General Principle of Civil Law of the People's Republic of China354

Annex Ⅳ Part Four of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China356

Annex Ⅴ Part Seven of Opinions on Application of the General Principle of Civil Law363

Annex Ⅵ Part Eighteen of the Opinions of the Application of the Civil Procedure Law365

Annex Ⅶ Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Hearing the Cases Involving Foreign-related Civil or Commercial Contractual Disputes368

Annex Ⅷ Cases Study372