语言接触与英汉借词研究PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Chapter One Language Contact and Linguistic Borrowing1

1.1 Language Contact1

1.1.1 Causes and Features of Language Contact1

1.1.2 Outcomes of Language Contact6

1.2 Linguistic Borrowing-the Most Usual Effect of Language Contact14

1.2.1 Openness to Linguistic Borrowing16

1.2.2 Directness and Indirectness of Linguistic Borrowing17

1.2.3 Sources of Linguistic Borrowing19

3.1.15 The Preponderance of Senseloans over Transliterations20

1.2.4.1 The Borrowing Climaxes of English36

1.2.4 Climaxes of Borrowing36

1.2.4.2 The Borrowing Climaxes of Chinese45

1.2.5 Small-scale Borrowings and Borrowings from Minor Sources66

1.2.6 Borrowing due to Linguistic, Cultural, Geographical or Political Closeness Between Speech Communities70

1.2.7 Borrowing from Different Varieties of the Same Language in Different Periods72

1.2.8 Reverse Borrowing74

1.2.9 Borrowing form Influential Languages75

1.2.10 Bidirectional of Mutual Borrowing76

1.2.11 Unidirectional of One-sided Borrowing78

1.2.12 The States of Cultures Revealed by Linguistic Borrowing82

1.2.13 Summary85

2.1 The Lexical Borrowing of English86

Chapter Two The English Borrowing of Lexical Items and Morphological Elements86

2.1.1 Reasons for Lexical and Morphological Borrowing87

2.1.2 Ways of Borrowing94

2.1.3 Forms of Borrowing95

2.1.4 Types of Words Likely to Be Borrowed97

2.1.5 Factors Influencing Lexical Borrowing100

2.1.6 The Interaction Between the Borrowed and Native Elements in the Borrowing Language108

2.1.7 Morphological Borrowing of English120

2.2 The Borrowing of Inflectional Endings130

2.2.1 The Borrowing of Inflectional Endings131

2.2.2 The Borrowing of Affixes145

2.2.3 Hybridisation Resulting from Lexical and Morphological Borrowing151

2.3 Value of Lexical Borrowing153

Chapter Three The Chinese Borrowing of Lexical Items and Morphological Elements from English155

3.1 Lexical Borrowing of Chinese from English156

3.1.1 Transliteration157

3.1.2 Transliteration＋Senseloan of Hybrids166

3.1.3 Coincidental Senseloan by Transliteration169

3.1.4 Transliteration＋Coincidental Senseloan by Transliteration171

3.1.5 The Adoption of Acronyms and Abbreviations171

3.1.6 Calques or Translation Loans173

3.1.7 Copy of the Original174

3.1.8 Synonymous English Forms Transcribed in One Form in Chinese179

3.1.9 One English Form Transcribed in Many Forms in Chinese180

3.1.10 Doublets in Chinese as a Result of Borrowing from English183

3.1.11 Transliteration of Only one of the Syllables of an English Word184

3.1.12 Abbreviation and the Use of 氏 in Chinese Transliteration of English Proper Names186

3.1.13 Adoption of English Elements in Different Varieties of Chinese187

3.1.14 Indirect Chinese Borrowing from English Through Japanese195

3.1.16 The Borrowing of Phrases203

3.1.17 The Chinese Borrowing of English Words and Expressions for the Names of Chinese Companies, Products; Trade Marks and Brand Names205

3.2 Morphological Borrowing of Chinese from English209

3.3 Evaluation of the Ways of Chinese Borrowing from English and Evolution of the Borrowed Elements in Chinese213

3.4 Senses of English Words to Be Borrowed220

3.5 Influence of the Borrowing form English on Chinese Vocabulary and Morphology222

3.6 Uniformization, Normalization and Standardization of Borrowings in Chinese225

3.7 Summary232

Conclusion233

List of Abbreviations237

Notes238

Bibliography242