混凝土结构基本原理 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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1 Introduction1

1.1 General Concepts of Concrete Structures1

1.1.1 General Concepts of Reinforced Concrete Structures1

1.1.2 Mechanism of Collaboration of Concrete and Steel3

1.1.3 General Concepts of Prestressed Concrete Structures3

1.1.4 Members of Concrete Structures4

1.1.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Concrete Structures5

1.2 Historical Development of Concrete Structures6

1.2.1 Birth of Concrete Structures6

1.2.2 Development of Concrete Materials7

1.2.3 Development of Structural Systems9

1.2.4 Development in Theoretical Research of Concrete Structures10

1.2.5 Experiments and Numerical Simulation of Concrete Structures14

1.3 Applications of Concrete Structures15

1.4 Characteristics of the Course and Learning Methods17

2 Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Steel Reinforcement21

2.1 Strength and Deformation of Steel Reinforcement21

2.1.1 Types and Properties of Steel Reinforcement21

2.1.2 Strength and Deformation of Reinforcement Under Monotonic Loading24

2.1.3 Cold Working and Heat Treatment of Reinforcement29

2.1.4 Creep and Relaxation of Reinforcement30

2.1.5 Strength and Deformation of Reinforcement Under Repeated and Reversed Loading30

2.2 Strength and Deformation of Concrete33

2.2.1 Compression of Concrete Cubes33

2.2.2 Concrete Under Uniaxial Compression36

2.2.3 Concrete Under Uniaxial Tension44

2.2.4 Concrete Under Multiaxial Stresses46

2.2.5 Strength and Deformation of Concrete Under Repeated Loading49

2.2.6 Deformation of Concrete Under Long-Term Loading50

2.2.7 Shrinkage,Swelling,and Thermal Deformation of Concrete52

Appendix55

3 Bond and Anchorage59

3.1 Bond and Mechanism of Bond Transfer59

3.1.1 Bond Before Concrete Cracking59

3.1.2 Bond After Concrete Cracking60

3.1.3 Bond Tests62

3.1.4 Mechanism and Failure Mode of Bond64

3.1.5 Mechanism of Lap Splice65

3.2 Bond Strength Between Concrete and Reinforcement65

3.2.1 Bond Strength65

3.2.2 Influential Factors on Bonding Strength67

3.3 Anchorage of Steel Bars in Concrete68

3.3.1 Anchorage Length68

3.3.2 Practical Equation for Anchorage Length Calculation71

3.3.3 Hooked Anchorages71

4 Tension and Compression Behavior of Axially Loaded Members75

4.1 Engineering Applications and Details of Members75

4.2 Analysis of Axially Tensioned Structural Members77

4.2.1 Experimental Study on Axially Tensioned Structural Members77

4.2.2 Relationship Between Tensile Force and Deformation80

4.3 Applications of the Bearing Capacity Equations for Axially Tensioned Members84

4.3.1 Bearing Capacity Calculation of Existing Structural Members84

4.3.2 Cross-Sectional Design of New Structural Members84

4.4 Analysis of Axially Compressed Short Columns85

4.4.1 Experimental Study on a Short Column85

4.4.2 Load Versus Deformation of Short Columns86

4.4.3 Mechanical Behavior of Short Columns with Sustained Loading89

4.5 Analysis of Axially Compressed Slender Columns93

4.5.1 Experimental Study on a Slender Column93

4.5.2 Stability Coefficient95

4.5.3 Equation for Ultimate Capacity of Axially Compressed Columns96

4.6 Applications of the Bearing Capacity Equation for Axially Compressed Members97

4.6.1 Bearing Capacity Calculation of Existing Structural Members97

4.6.2 Cross-Sectional Design of New Structural Members97

4.7 Analysis of Spiral Columns99

4.7.1 Experiment Study on Spiral Columns99

4.7.2 Ultimate Compressive Capacities of Spiral Columns100

Appendix106

5 Bending Behavior of Flexural Members107

5.1 Engineering Applications107

5.2 Mechanical Characteristics and Reinforcement Type of Flexural Members107

5.3 Sectional Dimension and Reinforcement Detailing of Flexural Members110

5.4 Experimental Study on Flexural Members110

5.4.1 Test Setup110

5.4.2 Experimental Results112

5.5 Analysis of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections116

5.5.1 Basic Assumptions116

5.5.2 Analysis Before Cracking119

5.5.3 Analysis at Cracking120

5.5.4 Analysis After Cracking124

5.5.5 Analysis at Ultimate State128

5.6 Simplified Analysis of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections135

5.6.1 Equivalent Rectangular Stress Block135

5.6.2 Compression Zone Depth of a Balanced-Reinforced Section137

5.6.3 Calculation of the Flexural Bearing Capacity of a Singly Reinforced Rectangular Section138

5.7 Applications of the Equations for Flexural Bearing Capacities of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections142

5.7.1 Bearing Capacity Calculation of Existing Structural Members142

5.7.2 Cross-Sectional Design of New Structural Members146

5.8 Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Sections148

5.8.1 Detailing Requirement on Doubly Reinforced Sections149

5.8.2 Experimental Results149

5.8.3 Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Sections150

5.8.4 Simplified Calculation of the Flexural Bearing Capacities of Doubly Reinforced Sections154

5.9 Applications of the Equations for Flexural Bearing Capacities of Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Sections156

5.9.1 Bearing Capacity Calculation of Existing Structural Members156

5.9.2 Cross-Sectional Design of New Structural Members158

5.10 Analysis of T Sections161

5.10.1 Effective Compressed Flange Width of T Beams161

5.10.2 Simplified Calculation Method for the Flexural Bearing Capacities of T Sections161

5.11 Applications of the Equations for Flexural Bearing Capacities of T Sections165

5.11.1 Bearing Capacity Calculation of Existing Structural Members165

5.11.2 Cross-Sectional Design of New Structural Members167

5.12 Deep Flexural Members169

5.12.1 Basic Concepts and Applications169

5.12.2 Mechanical Properties and Failure Modes of Deep Flexural Members171

5.12.3 Flexural Bearing Capacities of Deep Beams172

5.12.4 Flexural Bearing Capacities of Short Beams173

5.12.5 Unified Formulae for the Flexural Bearing Capacities of Deep Flexural Members174

5.13 Ductility of Normal Sections of Flexural Members175

6 Compression and Tension Behavior of Eccentrically Loaded Members183

6.1 Engineering Applications and Reinforcement Detailing183

6.2 Interaction Diagram185

6.3 Experimental Studies on Eccentrically Compressed Members187

6.3.1 Experimental Results187

6.3.2 Analysis of Failure Modes190

6.3.3 Ncu-Mu Interaction Diagram191

6.3.4 Slenderness Ratio Influence on Ultimate Capacities of Members191

6.4 Two Key Issues Related to Analysis of Eccentrically Compressed Members193

6.4.1 Additional Eccentricity ea193

6.4.2 Moment Magnifying Coefficient193

6.5 Analysis of Eccentrically Compressed Members of Rectangular Section196

6.5.1 Ultimate Bearing Capacities of Large Eccentrically Compressed Sections197

6.5.2 Ultimate Bearing Capacities of Small Eccentrically Compressed Sections200

6.5.3 Balanced Sections204

6.5.4 Simplified Calculation Method to Determine Ultimate Bearing Capacities of Eccentrically Compressed Sections205

6.6 Applications of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity Equations for Eccentrically Compressed Members210

6.6.1 Design of Asymmetrically Reinforced Sections210

6.6.2 Evaluation of Ultimate Compressive Capacities of Existing Asymmetrically Reinforced Eccentrically Compressed Members223

6.6.3 Design of Symmetrically Reinforced Sections225

6.6.4 Evaluation of Ultimate Compressive Capacities of Existing Symmetrically Reinforced Eccentrically Compressed Members231

6.7 Analysis of Eccentrically Compressed Members of I Section231

6.7.1 Basic Equations for Ultimate Compressive Capacities of Large Eccentrically Compressed I Sections231

6.7.2 Basic Equations for Ultimate Compressive Capacities of Small Eccentrically Compressed I Sections233

6.8 Applications of the Ultimate Capacity Equations for Eccentrically Compressed Members of I Section234

6.8.1 Design of I Sections234

6.8.2 Evaluation of the Ultimate Compressive Capacities of Existing Eccentrically Compressed Members of I Sections239

6.9 Analysis of Eccentrically Compressed Members with Biaxial Bending240

6.10 Analysis of Eccentrically Compressed Members of Circular Section242

6.10.1 Stress and Strain Distributions Across the Section at Failure242

6.10.2 Calculation of Normal Section's Ultimate Bearing Capacities244

6.10.3 Simplified Calculation of Ultimate Bearing Capacities247

6.11 Analysis of Eccentrically Tensioned Members250

6.11.1 Ultimate Tension Capacities of Small Eccentrically Tensioned Sections250

6.11.2 Ultimate Tension Capacities of Large Eccentrically Tensioned Sections251

6.12 Applications of the Ultimate Capacity Equations for Eccentrically Tensioned Members253

6.12.1 Design of Small Eccentrically Tensioned Sections253

6.12.2 Evaluation of Ultimate Capacities of Existing Small Eccentrically Tensioned Sections253

6.12.3 Design of Large Eccentrically Tensioned Sections254

6.12.4 Evaluation of Ultimate Capacities of Existing Large Eccentrically Tensioned Sections254

7 Shear261

7.1 Engineering Applications and Reinforcement261

7.2 Behavior of Flexural Members Failing in Shear262

7.2.1 Behavior of Beams Without Web Reinforcement263

7.2.2 Experimental Study on Beams with Web Reinforcement275

7.2.3 Shear Resistance Mechanism of Beams with Web Reinforcement276

7.2.4 Analysis of Flexure-Shear Sections of Beams with Web Reinforcement278

7.2.5 Practical Calculation Equations for Shear Capacities of Beams with Web Reinforcement281

7.3 Applications of Shear Capacity Formulae for Flexural Members289

7.3.1 Inclined Section Design Based on Shear Capacity289

7.3.2 Shear Capacity Evaluation of Inclined Sections of Existing Members299

7.3.3 Discussion on Shear Forces for the Design of Beams300

7.4 Measures to Ensure the Flexural Capacities of Inclined Cross Sections in Flexural Members303

7.4.1 Flexural Capacities of Inclined Cross Sections303

7.4.2 Moment Capacity Diagram304

7.4.3 Detailing Requirements to Ensure the Flexural Capacities of Inclined Sections with Bent-up Bars305

7.4.4 Detailing Requirements to Ensure the Flexural Capacities of Inclined Sections When Longitudinal Bars Are Cut off307

7.4.5 Illustration of Bent-up and Cutoff of Bars309

7.4.6 Anchorage of Longitudinal Reinforcement at the Supports310

7.5 Shear Capacities of Eccentrically Loaded Members311

7.5.1 Experimental Results311

7.5.2 Factors Influencing Shear Capacities of Eccentrically Loaded Members313

7.5.3 Calculation of Shear Capacities of Eccentrically Compressed Members315

7.5.4 Calculation of Shear Capacities of Eccentrically Tensioned Members316

7.5.5 Shear Capacities of Columns of Rectangular Sections Under Bidirectional Shear317

7.5.6 Shear Capacities of Columns of Circular Sections319

7.6 Applications of Shear Capacity Formulae for Eccentrically Loaded Members321

7.7 Shear Performance of Deep Flexural Members and Structural Walls324

7.7.1 Shear Performance of Deep Flexural Members324

7.7.2 Shear Performance of Structural Walls325

7.8 Shear Transfer Across Interfaces Between Concretes Cast at Different Times328

8 Torsion335

8.1 Engineering Applications and Reinforcement Detailing335

8.2 Experimental Results of Members Subjected to Pure Torsion337

8.3 Cracking Torque for Members Under Pure Torsion340

8.3.1 Solid Members340

8.3.2 Hollow Members346

8.4 Calculation of Torsional Capacities for Members of Rectangular Sections Subjected to Pure Torsion350

8.4.1 Space Truss Analogy350

8.4.2 Skew Bending Theory354

8.4.3 Calculation Method in GB 50010355

8.5 Calculation of Torsional Capacities for Members of I-,T-,and Box Sections Subjected to Pure Torsion357

8.5.1 Method Based on the Space Truss Analogy357

8.5.2 Method in GB 50010357

8.6 Applications of Calculation Formulae for Torsional Capacities of Members Subjected to Pure Torsion359

8.6.1 Cross-Sectional Design359

8.6.2 Evaluation of Torsional Capacities of Existing Members363

8.7 Experimental Results on Members Under Combined Torsion,Shear,and Flexure365

8.8 Bearing Capacities of Members Under Combined Torsion,Shear,and Flexure366

8.8.1 Bearing Capacities of Members Under Combined Torsion and Flexure366

8.8.2 Bearing Capacities of Members Under Combined Torsion and Shear368

8.8.3 Capacity Calculation of Members Under Combined Torsion,Shear,and Flexure371

8.9 Applications of Capacity Formulae for Members Under Combined Torsion,Shear,and Moment373

8.9.1 Cross-Sectional Design373

8.9.2 Capacity Evaluation of Members Under Combined Torsion,Shear,and Flexure376

8.10 Capacities of Members Under Combined Torsion,Shear,Flexure,and Axial Force378

8.10.1 Capacities of Members with Rectangular Sections Under Combined Torsion,Shear,Flexure,and Axial Compression378

8.10.2 Capacities of Members with Rectangular Sections Under Combined Torsion,Shear,Flexure,and Axial Tension379

9 Punching Shear and Bearing385

9.1 Punching Shear385

9.1.1 Punching Shear Failure in Slabs385

9.1.2 Measures to Increase Punching Shear Capacities of Members389

9.1.3 Calculation of Punching Shear Capacities392

9.1.4 Eccentric Punching Shear Problems399

9.2 Bearing403

9.2.1 Mechanism of Bearing Failure404

9.2.2 Calculation of Bearing Capacities405

10 Prestressed Concrete Structures415

10.1 Basic Concepts and Materials415

10.1.1 Characteristics of Prestressed Concrete Structures415

10.1.2 Definition of Degree of Prestress418

10.1.3 Grades and Classification of Prestressed Concrete Structures419

10.1.4 Types of Prestressed Concrete Structures420

10.1.5 Materials422

10.2 Methods of Prestressing and Anchorage424

10.2.1 Methods of Prestressing424

10.2.2 Anchorages and Clamps427

10.2.3 Profiles of Posttensioned Tendons429

10.2.4 Control Stress σcon at Jacking431

10.3 Prestress Losses432

10.3.1 Prestress Loss σ11 Due to Anchorage Deformation433

10.3.2 Prestress Loss σ12 Due to Friction Between Tendon and Duct434

10.3.3 Prestress Loss σ13 Due to Temperature Difference439

10.3.4 Prestress Loss σ14 Due to Tendon Stress Relaxation440

10.3.5 Prestress Loss σ15 Due to Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete442

10.3.6 Prestress Loss σ16 Due to Local Deformation Caused by Pressure445

10.3.7 Combination of Prestress Losses446

10.4 Properties of the Zone for Prestress Transfer446

10.4.1 Transfer Length and Anchorage Length of Pretensioned Tendons446

10.4.2 Anchorage Zone of Posttensioned Members448

10.5 Analysis of Members Subjected to Axial Tension448

10.5.1 Characteristics of Pretressed Members Subjected to Axial Tension448

10.5.2 Pretensioned Members Subjected to Axial Tension449

10.5.3 Posttensioned Members Subjected to Axial Tension451

10.5.4 Comparison Between Pretensioned and Posttensioned Members and Discussion453

10.6 Design of Members Subjected to Axial Tension454

10.6.1 Design for the Loading Stage454

10.6.2 Design for Construction Stage455

10.6.3 Steps for the Design456

10.7 Analysis of Prestressed Flexural Members461

10.7.1 Characteristics of Pretressed Flexural Members461

10.7.2 Pretensioned Flexural Members461

10.7.3 Posttensioned Flexural Members465

10.8 Design of Prestressed Flexural Members467

10.8.1 Design of Normal Sections467

10.8.2 Design of Inclined Sections474

10.8.3 Serviceability Checks476

10.8.4 Check on the Construction Stage477

10.8.5 Steps for Design of Prestresed Flexural Members478

10.9 Statically Indeterminate Prestressed Structures485

10.10 Detailing for Prestressed Concrete Members486

10.10.1 Detailing for Pretensioned Members486

10.10.2 Detailing for Posttensioned Members489

11 Serviceability of Concrete Structures497

11.1 Crack Width Control497

11.1.1 Classification and Causes of Cracks in Concrete Structures497

11.1.2 Purpose and Requirements of Crack Control501

11.2 Calculation of Cracking Resistance in Prestressed Concrete Members505

11.2.1 Cracking Resistance of Normal Sections505

11.2.2 Cracking Resistance of Inclined Sections508

11.3 Calculation of Crack Width in Normal Sections512

11.3.1 Theories on Crack Width Calculation512

11.3.2 Maximum Crack Width520

11.4 Deflection Control531

11.4.1 Purpose and Requirement of Deflection Control531

11.4.2 Deformation Checking for Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members533

11.4.3 Deformation Checking for Prestressed Concrete Flexural Members546

12 Durability of Concrete Structures553

12.1 Influencing Factors553

12.2 Deterioration of Concrete554

12.2.1 Carbonization555

12.2.2 Frost Action560

12.2.3 Alkali-Aggregate Reaction562

12.2.4 Chemical Attacks564

12.3 Corrosion of Steel Embedded in Concrete567

12.3.1 Mechanism567

12.3.2 Corrosion Effect569

12.3.3 Mechanical Properties of Corroded Steel Bars570

12.3.4 Mechanical Properties of Corroded Prestressed Tendons574

12.3.5 Bond Between Concrete and Corroded Steel Bars576

12.4 Flexural Behavior of Corroded RC Members581

12.4.1 Experimental Study581

12.4.2 Flexural Bearing Capacities of Corroded RC Beams583

12.4.3 Flexural Stiffness of Corroded RC Beams584

12.5 Flexural Behavior of Corroded Prestressed Concrete Members585

12.5.1 Experimental Study585

12.5.2 Flexural Bearing Capacities of Corroded Prestressed Concrete Beams586

12.5.3 Flexural Stiffness of Corroded Prestressed Concrete Beams590

12.6 Durability Design and Assessment of Concrete Structures593

12.6.1 Framework of Life Cycle Design Theory for Concrete Structures593

12.6.2 Durability Design595

12.6.3 Durability Assessment for Existing Concrete Structures596

Appendix A:Basic Requirements of Experiments for Basic Principles of Concrete Structure599

References603