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HUMANS AND SUSTAINABILITY：AN OVERVIEW2

1 Environmental Problems，Their Causes，and Sustainability2

Key Questions3

CORE CASE STUDY A Vision of a More Sustainable World in 20654

1-1 What Are Some Principles of Sustainability？5

1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth？10

CASE STUDY China’s Growing Number of Affluent Consumers14

1-3 Why Do We Have Environmental Problems？16

1-4 What Is an Environmentally Sustainable Society？21

individuals matter Tuy Sereivathana：Elephant Protector22

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER A Vision of a More Sustainable Earth24

Chapter Review24

Critical Thinking25

Doing Environmental Science26

Global Environment Watch Exercise26

Ecological Footprint Analysis27

SCIENCE，ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES，AND SUSTAINABILITY28

2 Science，Matter，Energy，and Systems28

Key Questions29

CORE CASE STUDY How Do Scientists Learn about Nature？Experimenting with a Forest30

2-1 What Do Scientists Do？31

individuals matter Jane Goodall：Chimpanzee Researcher and Protector33

SCIENCE FOCUS Some Revisions in a Popular Scientific Hypothesis34

2-2 What Is Matter and What Happens When It Undergoes Change？35

2-3 What Is Energy and What Happens When It Undergoes Change？41

2-4 What Are Systems and How Do They Respond to Change？44

SCIENCE FOCUS The Usefulness of Models46

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER The Hubbard Brook Forest Experiment and Sustainability47

Chapter Review48

Critical Thinking48

Doing Environmental Science49

Global Environment Watch Exercise49

Data Analysis49

3 Ecosystems：What Are They and How Do They Work？50

Key Questions51

CORE CASE STUDY Tropical Rain Forests Are Disappearing52

3-1 How Does the Earth’s Life-Support System Work？53

3-2 What Are the Major Components of an Ecosystem？54

SCIENCE FOCUS Many of the World’s Most Important Organisms Are Invisible to Us58

3-3 What Happens to Energy in an Ecosystem？59

3-4 What Happens to Matter in an Ecosystem？62

SCIENCE FOCUS Water’s Unique Properties64

3-5 How Do Scientists Study Ecosystems？70

SCIENCE FOCUS Testing Planetary Boundaries：From Holocene to Anthropocene72

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Tropical Rain Forests and Sustainability73

Chapter Review74

Critical Thinking74

Doing Environmental Science75

Global Environment Watch Exercise75

Data Analysis75

4 Biodiversity and Evolution76

Key Questions77

CORE CASE STUDY Why Are Amphibians Vanishing？78

4-1 What Is Biodiversity and Why Is It Important？79

SCIENCE FOCUS Insects Play a Vital Role in Our World80

individuals matter Edward O.Wilson：A Champion of Biodiversity82

4-2 How Does the Earth’s Life Change over Time？83

CASE STUDY How Did Humans Become Such a Powerful Species？84

4-3 How Do Geological Processes and Climate Change Affect Evolution？86

4-4 How Do Speciation，Extinction，and Human Activities Affect Biodiversity？87

SCIENCE FOCUS Changing the Genetic Traits of Populations89

4-5 What Is Species Diversity and Why Is It Important？90

4-6 What Roles Do Species Play in Ecosystems？91

CASE STUDY The Giant Panda—A Highly Endangered Specialist92

SCIENCE FOCUS Scientists Are Searching for the Causes of Amphibian Declines94

CASE STUDY The American Alligator—A Keystone Species That Almost Went Extinct95

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Amphibians and Sustainability96

Chapter Review97

Critical Thinking97

Doing Environmental Science98

Global Environment Watch Exercise98

Data Analysis98

5 Biodiversity，Species Interactions，and Population Control100

Key Questions101

CORE CASE STUDY The Southern Sea Otter：A Species in Recovery102

5-1 How Do Species Interact？103

SCIENCE FOCUS Threats to Kelp Forests105

5-2 How Do Communities and Ecosystems Respond to Changing Environmental Conditions？109

5-3 What Limits the Growth of Populations？111

SCIENCE FOCUS Why Do California’s Southern Sea Otters Face an Uncertain Future？114

CASE STUDY Exploding White-Tailed Deer Populations in the United States114

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Southern Sea Otters and Sustainability117

Chapter Review117

Critical Thinking118

Doing Environmental Science118

Global Environment Watch Exercise119

Data Analysis119

6 The Human Population and Its Impact120

Key Questions121

CORE CASE STUDY Planet Earth：Population 7 Billion122

6-1 How Do Environmental Scientists Think about Human Population Growth？123

SCIENCE FOCUS How Long Can the Human Population Keep Growing？124

6-2 What Factors Influence the Size of the Human Population？126

CASE STUDY The U.S.Population—Third-Largest and Growing126

SCIENCE FOCUS Projecting Population Change130

6-3 How Does a Population’s Age Structure Affect Its Growth or Decline？131

CASE STUDY The American Baby Boom132

6-4 How Can We Slow Human Population Growth？134

CASE STUDY Slowing Population Growth in India136

CASE STUDY Slowing Population Growth in China：A Success Story137

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER World Population Growth and Sustainability139

Chapter Review139

Critical Thinking140

Doing Environmental Science140

Global Environment Watch Exercise141

Data Analysis141

7 Climate and Biodiversity142

Key Questions143

CORE CASE STUDY A Temperate Deciduous Forest144

7-1 What Factors Influence Climate？145

7-2 How Does Climate Affect the Nature and Location of Biomes？148

SCIENCE FOCUS Staying Alive in the Desert152

7-3 How Have Human Activities Affected the World’s Terrestrial Ecosystems？159

individuals matter J.Michael Fay：Defender of Threatened Wild Places and National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence161

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER A Temperate Deciduous Forest and Sustainability163

Chapter Review163

Critical Thinking164

Doing Environmental Science164

Global Environment Watch Exercise164

Data Analysis165

8 Aquatic Biodiversity166

Key Questions167

CORE CASE STUDY Why Should We Care about Coral Reefs？168

8-1 What Is the General Nature of Aquatic Systems？169

8-2 Why Are Marine Aquatic Systems Important？170

SCIENCE FOCUS We Are Still Learning about the Ocean’s Biodiversity175

8-3 How Have Human Activities Affected Marine Ecosystems？175

CASE STUDY The Chesapeake Bay—An Estuary in Trouble177

8-4 Why Are Freshwater Ecosystems Important？178

CASE STUDY River Deltas and Coastal Wetlands—Vital Components of Natural Capital Now in Jeopardy181

individuals matter Alexandra Cousteau：Environmental Advocate，Filmmaker，and National Geographic Emerging Explorer183

8-5 How Have Human Activities Affected Freshwater Ecosystems？184

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Coral Reefs and Sustainability185

Chapter Review185

Critical Thinking186

Doing Environmental Science186

Global Environment Watch Exercise187

Data Analysis187

SUSTAINING BIODIVERSITY188

9 Sustaining Biodiversity：Saving Species and Ecosystem Services188

Key Questions189

CORE CASE STUDY Where Have All the Honeybees Gone？190

9-1 What Role Do Humans Play in the Loss of Species and Ecosystem Services？191

SCIENCE FOCUS Estimating Extinction Rates192

9-2 Why Should We Care about Sustaining Species and the Ecosystem Services They Provide？194

9-3 How Do Humans Accelerate Species Extinction and Degradation of Ecosystem Services？197

CASE STUDY The Kudzu Vine and Kudzu Bugs199

CASE STUDY Burmese Pythons Are Eating Their Way through the Florida Everglades200

SCIENCE FOCUS Honeybee Losses：A Search for Causes203

CASE STUDY Polar Bears and Climate Change203

CASE STUDY A Disturbing Message from the Birds205

individuals matter Cagan Hakki Sekercioglu：Protector of Birds and National Geographic Emerging Explorer207

9-4 How Can We Sustain Wild Species and Their Ecosystem Services？208

CASE STUDY The U.S.Endangered Species Act208

CASE STUDY Protecting Honeybees and Other Pollinators212

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Honeybees and Sustainability213

Chapter Review213

Critical Thinking214

Doing Environmental Science215

Global Environment Watch Exercise215

Data Analysis215

10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity：Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services216

Key Questions217

CORE CASE STUDY Costa Rica—A Global Conservation Leader218

10-1 What Are the Major Threats to Forest Ecosystems？219

SCIENCE FOCUS Putting a Price Tag on Nature’s Ecosystem Services221

CASE STUDY Many Cleared Forests in the United States Have Grown Back224

10-2 How Should We Manage and Sustain Forests？226

SCIENCE FOCUS Certifying Sustainably Grown Timber and Products Such as the Paper Used in This Book228

CASE STUDY Deforestation and the Fuelwood Crisis229

10-3 How Should We Manage and Sustain Grasslands？231

CASE STUDY Grazing and Urban Development in the American West—Cows or Condos？232

10-4 How Should We Manage and Sustain Parks and Nature Reserves？233

CASE STUDY Stresses on U.S.Public Parks233

CASE STUDY Identifying and Protecting Biodiversity in Costa Rica234

SCIENCE FOCUS Reintroducing the Gray Wolf to Yellowstone National Park235

10-5 What Is the Ecosystem Approach to Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services？237

CASE STUDY Madagascar：An Endangered Center of Biodiversity238

individuals matter Luke Dollar：A National Geographic Emerging Explorer Working to Save Biodiversity in Madagascar240

SCIENCE FOCUS Ecological Restoration of a Tropical Dry Forest in Costa Rica241

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Sustaining Costa Rica’s Biodiversity243

Chapter Review243

Critical Thinking244

Doing Environmental Science245

Global Environment Watch Exercise245

Ecological Footprint Analysis245

11 Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services246

Key Questions247

CORE CASE STUDY The Plight of Sea Turtles248

11-1 What Are the Major Threats to AquaticBiodiversity and Ecosystem Services？249

SCIENCE FOCUS How Invasive Carp Have Muddied Some Waters251

SCIENCE FOCUS Ocean Acidification：The Other CO2 Problem252

CASE STUDY The Great Jellyfish Invasion256

CASE STUDY Why Should We Protect Sharks？257

11-2 How Can We Protect and Sustain Marine Biodiversity？259

individuals matter Sylvia Earle—Ocean Protector and National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence262

11-3 How Should We Manage and Sustain Marine Fisheries？263

11-4 How Should We Protect and Sustain Wetlands？265

CASE STUDY Can We Restore the Florida Everglades？266

11-5 How Should We Protect and Sustain Freshwater Lakes，Rivers，and Fisheries？268

CASE STUDY Can the Great Lakes Survive Repeated Invasions by Alien Species？268

11-6 What Should Be Our Priorities for Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity？271

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Sea Turtles and Sustainability272

Chapter Review272

Critical Thinking273

Doing Environmental Science274

Global Environment Watch Exercise274

Ecological Footprint Analysis274

SUSTAINING NATURAL RESOURCES276

12 Food Production and the Environment276

Key Questions277

CORE CASE STUDY Growing Power—An Urban Food Oasis278

12-1 What Is Food Security and Why Is It Difficult to Attain？279

12-2 How Is Food Produced？280

CASE STUDY Industrialized Food Production in the United States—The First Green Revolution284

12-3 What Environmental Problems Arise from Industrialized Food Production？287

SCIENCE FOCUS Soil Is the Foundation of Life on Land290

12-4 How Can We Protect Crops from Pests More Sustainably？296

CASE STUDY Ecological Surprises：The Law of Unintended Consequences298

12-5 How Can We Improve Food Security？301

individuals matter Jennifer Burney：Environmental Scientist and National Geographic Emerging Explorer303

12-6 How Can We Produce Food More Sustainably？304

SCIENCE FOCUS Hydroponics：Growing Crops without Soil306

SCIENCE FOCUS The Land Institute and Perennial Polyculture310

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Growing Power and Sustainability312

Chapter Review313

Critical Thinking314

Doing Environmental Science314

Global Environment Watch Exercise314

Ecological Footprint Analysis315

13 Water Resources316

Key Questions317

CORE CASE STUDY The Colorado River Story318

13-1 Will We Have Enough Usable Water？319

CASE STUDY Freshwater Resources in the United States322

SCIENCE FOCUS Using Satellites to Monitor Groundwater Supplies325

13-2 Is Groundwater a Sustainable Resource？326

CASE STUDY Overpumping the Ogallala326

13-3 Can Surface Water Resources Be Expanded？329

CASE STUDY How Dams Can Kill an Estuary331

13-4 Can Water Transfers Be Used to Expand Water Supplies？332

CASE STUDY The Aral Sea Disaster：A Glaring Example of Unintended Consequences333

13-5 Is Desalination a Useful Way to Expand Water Supplies？335

13-6 How Can We Use Freshwater More Sustainably？335

SCIENCE FOCUS The Search for Improved Desalination Technology336

13-7 How Can We Reduce the Threat of Flooding？341

individuals matter Sandra Postel：National Geographic Fellow and Freshwater Conservationist342

CASE STUDY Living Dangerously on Floodplains in Bangladesh343

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER The Colorado River and Sustainability345

Chapter Review345

Critical Thinking346

Doing Environmental Science347

Global Environment Watch Exercise347

Ecological Footprint Analysis347

14 Nonrenewable Mineral Resources348

Key Questions349

CORE CASE STUDY The Crucial Importance of Rare-Earth Metals350

14-1 What Are the Earth’s Major Geological Processes and What Are Mineral Resources？351

14-2 How Long Might Supplies of Nonrenewable Mineral Resources Last？353

14-3 What Are the Environmental Effects of Using Nonrenewable Mineral Resources？357

CASE STUDY The Real Cost of Gold360

14-4 How Can We Use Mineral Resources More Sustainably？361

SCIENCE FOCUS The Nanotechnology Revolution362

SCIENCE FOCUS Graphene：A Revolutionary Material363

14-5 What Are the Earth’s Major Geological Hazards？364

individuals matter Yu-Guo Guo：Designer of Nanotechnology Batteries and National Geographic Emerging Explorer365

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Rare-Earth Metals and Sustainability369

Chapter Review370

Critical Thinking370

Doing Environmental Science371

Global Environment Watch Exercise371

Data Analysis371

15 Nonrenewable Energy372

Key Questions373

CORE CASE STUDY Is the United States Entering a New Oil and Natural Gas Era？374

15-1 What Is Net Energy and Why Is It Important？375

15-2 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Oil？376

SCIENCE FOCUS Removing Tightly Held Oil and Natural Gas by Drilling Sideways and Fracking378

CASE STUDY Oil Production and Consumption in the United States379

15-3 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Natural Gas？382

CASE STUDY Natural Gas Production and Fracking in the United States：Environmental Problems and Solutions383

15-4 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Coal？385

15-5 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Nuclear Power？389

CASE STUDY The 2011 Nuclear Power Plant Accident in Japan395

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER A New U.S.Oil and Natural Gas Era and Sustainability397

Chapter Review397

Critical Thinking398

Doing Environmental Science399

Global Environment Watch Exercise399

Data Analysis399

16 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy400

Key Questions401

CORE CASE STUDY The Astounding Potential for Wind Power in the United States402

16-1 Why Is Energy Efficiency an Important Energy Resource？403

CASE STUDY Building a Smarter and More Energy-Efficient Electrical Grid405

SCIENCE FOCUS The Search for Better Batteries407

individuals matter Amory B.Lovins：Sustainable Energy Leader413

16-2 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Solar Energy？414

16-3 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Hydropower？420

16-4 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Wind Power？421

16-5 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Biomass as an Energy Source？424

CASE STUDY Is Biodiesel the Answer？425

CASE STUDY Is Ethanol the Answer？425

SCIENCE FOCUS Making Gasoline and Diesel Fuel from Algae and Bacteria427

16-6 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Geothermal Energy？427

individuals matter Andres Ruzo—Geothermal Energy Sleuth and National Geographic Young Explorer429

16-7 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Hydrogen as an Energy Source？430

SCIENCE FOCUS The Quest to Make Hydrogen Workable431

16-8 How Can We Make the Transition to a More Sustainable Energy Future？432

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Wind Power and Sustainability436

Chapter Review436

Critical Thinking437

Doing Environmental Science438

Global Environment Watch Exercise438

Data Analysis438

SUSTAINING ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY440

17 Environmental Hazards and Human Health440

Key Questions441

CORE CASE STUDY Mercury’s Toxic Effects442

17-1 What Major Health Hazards Do We Face？443

17-2 What Types of Biological Hazards Do We Face？443

CASE STUDY The Growing Global Threat from Tuberculosis445

SCIENCE FOCUS Genetic Resistance to Antibiotics Is Increasing446

individuals matter Hayat Sindi：Science Entrepreneur and National Geographic Emerging Explorer448

CASE STUDY The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic449

CASE STUDY Malaria—The Spread of a Deadly Parasite449

SCIENCE FOCUS Ecological Medicine：Tracking How Humans Can Get Infectious Diseases from Other Animals450

17-3 What Types of Chemical Hazards Do We Face？453

CASE STUDY PCBs Are Everywhere—A Legacy from the Past453

SCIENCE FOCUS The Controversy over BPA456

17-4 How Can We Evaluate Chemical Hazards？458

CASE STUDY Protecting Children from Toxic Chemicals459

CASE STUDY Pollution Prevention Pays464

17-5 How Do We Perceive Risks and How Can We Avoid the Worst of Them？465

CASE STUDY Death from Smoking466

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Mercury’s Toxic Effects and Sustainability469

Chapter Review469

Critical Thinking470

Doing Environmental Science471

Global Environment Watch Exercise471

Data Analysis471

18 Air Pollution472

Key Questions473

CORE CASE STUDY South Asia’s Massive Brown Clouds474

18-1 What Is the Nature of the Atmosphere？475

18-2 What Are the Major Outdoor Air Pollution Problems？476

SCIENCE FOCUS The South Asian Brown Clouds，Melting Glaciers，and Climate Change478

CASE STUDY Lead Is a Highly Toxic Pollutant479

SCIENCE FOCUS Detecting Air Pollutants482

18-3 What Is Acid Deposition and Why Is It a Problem？485

18-4 What Are the Major Indoor Air Pollution Problems？488

CASE STUDY Radioactive Radon Gas490

18-5 What Are the Health Effects of Air Pollution？492

18-6 How Should We Deal with Air Pollution？493

18-7 How Have We Depleted Ozone in the Stratosphere and What Can We Do about It？497

individuals matter Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina—A Scientific Story of Expertise，Courage，and Persistence499

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER The South Asian Brown Clouds and Sustainability501

Chapter Review502

Critical Thinking502

Doing Environmental Science503

Global Environment Watch Exercise503

Data Analysis503

19 Climate Disruption504

Key Questions505

CORE CASE STUDY Melting Ice in Greenland506

19-1 How Is the Earth’s Climate Changing？507

19-2 Why Is the Earth’s Climate Changing？510

SCIENCE FOCUS Using Models to Project Future Changes in Atmospheric Temperatures514

19-3 What Are the Possible Effects of a Warmer Atmosphere？516

individuals matter Konrad Steffen：Studying Melting Ice in Greenland519

19-4 What Can We Do to Slow Projected Climate Disruption？525

SCIENCE FOCUS Have Climate Scientists Been Too Conservative？526

SCIENCE FOCUS Is Capturing and Storing CO2 the Answer？530

19-5 How Can We Adapt to Climate Change？536

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Melting Ice in Greenland and Sustainability538

Chapter Review539

Critical Thinking540

Doing Environmental Science540

Global Environment Watch Exercise540

Ecological Footprint Analysis540

20 Water Pollution542

Key Questions543

CORE CASE STUDY The Gulf of Mexico’s Annual Dead Zone544

20-1 What Are the Causes and Effects of Water Pollution？545

SCIENCE FOCUS Testing Water for Pollutants548

20-2 What Are the Major Water Pollution Problems in Streams and Lakes？548

CASE STUDY Pollution in the Great Lakes552

20-3 What Are the Major Pollution Problems Affecting Groundwater？554

CASE STUDY Arsenic in Drinking Water555

CASE STUDY Is Bottled Water a Good Option？556

20-4 What Are the Major Water Pollution Problems Affecting Oceans？558

CASE STUDY Ocean Garbage Patches：There Is No Away560

CASE STUDY The BP Deepwater Horizon Oil-Rig Spill561

20-5 How Can We Deal with Water Pollution？562

CASE STUDY U.S.Experience with Reducing Point-Source Pollution564

individuals matter Ashley Murray：Wastewater Engineer，Entrepreneur，and National Geographic Emerging Explorer567

SCIENCE FOCUS Treating Sewage by Working with Nature569

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Dead Zones and Sustainability570

Chapter Review571

Critical Thinking571

Doing Environmental Science572

Global Environment Watch Exercise572

Data Analysis572

21 Solid and Hazardous Waste574

Key Questions575

CORE CASE STUDY E-Waste—An Exploding Problem576

21-1 What Are Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste，and Why Are They Problems？577

CASE STUDY Solid Waste in the United States578

SCIENCE FOCUS Garbology and Tracking Trash580

21-2 How Should We Deal with Solid Waste？580

21-3 Why Are Refusing，Reducing，Reusing，and Recycling So Important？582

individuals matter Mike Biddle’s Contribution to Plastics Recycling586

SCIENCE FOCUS Bioplastics587

21-4 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Burning or Burying Solid Waste？587

21-5 How Should We Deal with Hazardous Waste？590

CASE STUDY Recycling E-Waste591

CASE STUDY Hazardous Waste Regulation in the United States595

21-6 How Can We Make the Transition to a More Sustainable Low-Waste Society？596

CASE STUDY Industrial Ecosystems：Copying Nature598

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER E-Waste and Sustainability600

Chapter Review601

Critical Thinking602

Doing Environmental Science602

Global Environment Watch Exercise602

Ecological Footprint Analysis603

22 Urbanization and Sustainability604

Key Questions605

CORE CASE STUDY Portland，Oregon：Urban Sustainability in Action606

22-1 What Are the Major Population Trends in Urban Areas？607

CASE STUDY Urbanization in the United States608

22-2 What Are the Major Urban Resource and Environmental Problems？611

CASE STUDY Mexico City614

22-3 How Does Transportation Affect Urban Environmental Impacts？615

22-4 How Important Is Urban Land-Use Planning？619

22-5 How Can Cities Become More Sustainable and Livable？621

SCIENCE FOCUS Sustainable Community Development—A Key to Global Sustainability623

SCIENCE FOCUS Urban Indoor Farming624

CASE STUDY The Eco-City Concept in Curitiba，Brazil625

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Portland，Oregon，and Sustainability627

Chapter Review627

Critical Thinking628

Doing Environmental Science628

Global Environment Watch Exercise629

Ecological Footprint Analysis629

SUSTAINING HUMAN SOCIETIES630

23 Economics，Environment，and Sustainability630

Key Questions631

CORE CASE STUDY Germany：Using Economics to Spur a Shift to Renewable Energy632

23-1 How Are Economic Systems Related to the Biosphere？633

23-2 How Can We Estimate the Values of Natural Capital，Pollution Control，and Resource Use？636

23-3 How Can We Use Economic Tools to Deal with Environmental Problems？639

23-4 How Can Reducing Poverty Help Us to Deal with Environmental Problems？644

CASE STUDY Microlending645

individuals matter Sasha Kramer：Ecologist and National Geographic Emerging Explorer646

23-5 How Can We Make the Transition to More Environmentally Sustainable Economies？648

individuals matter Ray Anderson650

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Germany’s Transition and Sustainability652

Chapter Review653

Critical Thinking654

Doing Environmental Science654

Global Environment Watch Exercise655

Data Analysis655

24 Politics，Environment，and Sustainability656

Key Questions657

CORE CASE STUDY The Greening of American Campuses658

24-1 What Is the Role of Government in Making the Transition to More Sustainable Societies？659

24-2 How Is Environmental Policy Made？661

SCIENCE FOCUS Science and Politics—Principles and Procedures664

24-3 What Is the Role of Environmental Law in Dealing with Environmental Problems？665

individuals matter Denis Hayes—A Practical Environmental Visionary666

CASE STUDY U.S.Environmental Laws667

24-4 What Are the Major Roles of Environmental Groups？669

individuals matter Anjali Appadurai：A College Student Who Electrified a United Nations Conference670

CASE STUDY The Natural Resources Defense Council671

CASE STUDY The Environmental Transformation of Chattanooga，Tennessee672

24-5 How Can We Improve Global Environmental Security？674

individuals matter Saleem Ali：Environmental Scientist，Mediator，and National Geographic Emerging Explorer677

24-6 How Can We Implement More Sustainable and Just Environmental Policies？678

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Greening College Campuses and Sustainability679

Chapter Review679

Critical Thinking680

Doing Environmental Science681

Global Environment Watch Exercise681

Data Analysis681

25 Environmental Worldviews，Ethics，and Sustainability682

Key Questions683

CORE CASE STUDY Biosphere 2—A Lesson in Humility684

25-1 What Are Some Major Environmental Worldviews？685

CASE STUDY Managing Public Lands in the United States—Stewardship in Action686

25-2 What Is the Role of Education in Living More Sustainably？690

individuals matter Aldo Leopold694

25-3 How Can We Live More Sustainably？695

CASE STUDY Rebuilding Greensburg，Kansas：From Ruin to Sustainability697

individuals matter Lester R.Brown：Champion of Sustainability698

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Biosphere 2 and Sustainability701

Chapter Review701

Critical Thinking702

Doing Environmental Science703

Global Environment Watch Exercise703

Ecological Footprint Analysis703

SUPPLEMENTS705

1 Measurement Units705

2 Reading Graphs and Maps706

3 Environmental History of the United States710

4 Some Basic Chemistry716

5 Weather Basics：El Nino，Tornadoes，and Tropical Cyclones723

6 Maps and Map Analysis728

7 Environmental Data and Data Analysis769

GLOSSARY775

INDEX787