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The Modern ResearcherPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载
- 著
- 出版社： Inc.
- ISBN：
- 出版时间：1957
- 标注页数：386页
- 文件大小：112MB
- 文件页数：400页
- 主题词：
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图书目录
PART ONE First Principles1
1．RESEARCH AND REPORT AS HISTORIAN＇S WORK3
The Report：A New and Fundamental Form3
The Historical Attitude Underlies Research and Report5
Historical Writing in Daily Life6
History the Great Catch-All8
History＇s Home and Foreign Relations14
The Research Scholar and Writer15
2．THE ABC OF TECHNIQUE18
The Prime Difficulty：What Is My Subject？18
＂I Have All My Material＂－But Have You？22
All Is Fair to Save Your Sanity24
A Note Is First a Thought28
Knowledge for Whom？32
Hard Labor Makes Royal Roads36
PART TWO Research41
3．THE SEARCHER：HIS MIND AND VIRTUES43
History：A Joint Product of Nature and Culture43
Four Meanings of the Word＂History＂47
The Changing Uses of a Changing Past50
Some Varieties of Occidental History54
The Searcher＇s Virtues56
4．FINDING THE FACTS61
The Detective and His Clues61
Cross-Questioning the Book66
Professional Informers，or Reference Books71
Which Do I Want？－A Series of Examples75
The Fruits of Experience78
Chronology to the Rescue80
Books Beyond Reach and the Lonely Fact82
5．VERIFICATION88
How the Mind Seeks Truth88
Collation，or Matching Copies with Sources92
Skepticism，or Sifting Out the Fitting from the False94
Attribution，or Putting a Name to a Source96
Explication，or Worming Secrets Out of Manuscripts98
Disentanglement，or Unraveling the Snarl of Facts101
Clarification，or Destroying Legends103
Identification，or Ascertaining Value Through Authorship106
6．HANDLING IDEAS115
Facts and Ideas，Married and Divorced115
Large Ideas as Facts of History118
Technical Terms：All or None119
The Technique of Self-Criticism122
Historians＇ Fallacies：How to Avoid Them125
The Historian and the Great Ideas128
7．TRUTH AND CAUSATION131
The Evidences of Historical Truth131
Probability the Great Guide136
Facing the Doubtfulness of All Reports140
Subjective and Objective：The Right Usage144
Knowledge of Fact and Knowledge of Causes148
8．PATTERN，BIAS，AND THE GREAT SYSTEMS154
The Reason of Historical Periods and Labels154
The Conditions of Pattern Making157
The Sources of Bias and Its Correctives159
The Philosophy and the Laws of History166
9．HISTORIANS IN EUROPE AND AMERICA176
Likeness in Difference176
Peculiarities and Research Problems182
American Opposites and Counterparts185
The Facts Not Only Collected But Calm190
10．THE SISTER DISCIPLINES196
Clio＇s Offspring，The Ologies196
The High Period of Mechanist Science201
Decline and Renaissance of the Scientific Faith208
Third Period：From the 1890＇s to the Present211
Sisters Under the Skin217
Some Points for Critical Reading222
PART THREE Writing227
11．ORGANIZING：PARAGRAPH，CHAPTER，AND PART229
The Function of Form and of Forms229
The Steps in Organizing234
Composing by Ear or by Outline？237
The Short Piece and the Paragraph245
12．PLAIN WORDS：THE WAR ON JARGON AND CLICHES249
To Make Sense，Weigh Your Words249
Be Strict About Signpost Words251
Picture All Images253
Decide Which Images Are Alive257
Jargon：Its Origin and Poisonous Properties258
How to Live Without Jargon and Clichés261
Omnibus Words and Dressing Gowns263
Idioms and Unwritten Laws265
13．CLEAR SENTENCES：RIGHT EMPHASIS AND RIGHT RHYTHM269
Live Sentences for Living Thoughts269
Five-Legged Sheep and Other Monsters272
Modern Prose：Its Virtues and Vices276
Carpentry or Cabinetmaking？280
The Sound of the Sense284
14．THE ARTS OF QUOTING AND TRANSLATING288
Three Recurrent Tasks288
The Philosophy of Quoting289
The Mechanics of Quotation292
Difficulties and Dangers of Translation296
Dictionaries and False Friends298
Literalism and Paraphrase300
The Act of Carrying Over，or Translation302
The Necessity of Knowing English306
15．THE RULES OF CITING：FOOTNOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY309
Types and Functions of Footnotes309
Form and Forms in Footnote Writing312
Footnoting：When，Where，and How Much？318
Bibliographies：Varieties and Forms321
16．REVISING FOR PRINTER AND PUBLIC327
Errors and Their Ways327
The Craft of Revision：Maxims and Pointers330
The Craft of Revision：The Professional Touch333
The Handle to a Writer＇s Works341
Revision at a Distance：The Printer and You344
AFTERWORD：A DISCIPLINE FOR WORK349
FOR FURTHER READING355
INDEX368