格氏解剖学基础教程双语教材 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

格氏解剖学基础教程双语教材 英文PDF格式电子书版下载

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1 The Body2

What is anatomy?2

How can gross anatomy be studied?2

Important anatomical terms2

Imaging3

Diagnostic imaging techniques3

Image interpretation6

Plain radiography6

Computed tomography7

Magnetic resonance imaging7

Nuclear medicine imaging7

Safety in imaging8

Body systems8

Skeletal system8

Cartilage8

Bone8

Joints10

Skin and fascias13

Skin13

Fascia14

Muscular system14

Cardiovascular system15

Lymphatic system16

Lymphatic vessels16

Lymph nodes16

Lymphatic trunks and ducts17

Nervous system18

Central nervous system18

Functional subdivisions of the CNS19

Other systems30

2 Back32

Regional anatomy32

Skeletal framework32

Vertebrae32

Intervertebral foramina37

Posterior spaces between vertebral arches38

Curvatures of vertebral column38

Joints40

Joints between vertebrae in the back40

Ligaments41

Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments41

Ligamenta flava42

Supraspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae42

Interspinous ligaments42

Back musculature43

Superficial group of back muscles43

Intermediate group of back muscles45

Deep group of back muscles46

Thoracolumbar fascia48

Spinal cord49

Vasculature50

Meninges52

Arrangement of structures in the vertebral canal53

Spinal nerves53

3 Thorax58

Regional anatomy58

Pectoral region58

Breast58

Muscles of the pectoral region60

Thoracic wall60

Superior thoracic aperture61

Inferior thoracic aperture62

Skeletal framework62

Intercostal spaces71

Diaphragm75

Venous drainage77

Innervation77

Movements of the thoracic wall and diaphragm during breathing77

Pleural cavities78

Pleura78

Lungs81

Mediastinum93

Middle mediastinum94

Superior mediastinum116

Posterior mediastinum123

Anterior mediastinum129

4 Abdomen134

Regional anatomy134

Surface topography134

Four-quadrant pattern134

Nine-region pattern134

Abdominal wall135

Superficial fascia136

Anterolateral muscles136

Extraperitoneal fascia140

Peritoneum141

Innervation141

Arterial supply and venous drainage142

Lymphatic drainage143

Groin143

Inguinal canal144

Abdominal viscera149

Peritoneum149

Peritoneal cavity150

Organs153

Arterial supply to the gastrointestinal tract172

Venous drainage177

Lymphatics180

Innervation180

Posterior abdominal region185

Posterior abdominal wall185

Viscera189

Vasculature195

Lymphatic system199

Nervous system in the posterior abdominal region200

Sympathetic trunks and splanchnic nerves201

5 Pelvis and Perineum208

Regional anatomy208

Pelvis208

Bones208

Joints211

Orientation212

Gender difierences212

True pelvis212

Viscera220

Fascia230

Peritoneum230

Nerves232

Blood vessels239

Lymphatics243

Perineum244

Borders and ceiling244

Ischio-anal fossae and their anterior recesses245

Anal triangle246

Urogenital triangle246

Somatic nerves252

Visceral nerves253

Blood vessels253

Veins255

Lymphatics255

6 Lower Limb266

Regional anatomy266

The Hip267

Bony pelvis267

Proximal femur270

Hip joint272

Gateways to the lower limb274

Nerves276

Arteries276

Veins276

Lymphatics278

Deep fascia and the saphenous opening279

Femoral triangle280

Gluteal region281

Muscles282

Nerves283

Arteries286

Veins287

Lymphatics287

Thigh287

Bones288

Muscles291

Arteries294

Veins298

Nerves298

Knee joint300

Tibiofibular joint305

Popliteal fossa306

Leg307

Bones308

Joints309

Posterior compartment of 309

Lateral compartment of 313

Foot315

Bones316

Joints319

Tarsal tunnel,retinacula,and arrangement of major structures at the ankle326

Arches of the foot327

Plantar aponeurosis328

Fibrous sheaths of toes328

Extensor hoods328

Intrinsic muscles329

Arteries332

Veins334

Nerves334

7 Upper Limb342

Regional anatomy342

Shoulder343

Bones344

Joints346

Muscles351

Posterior scapular region351

Gateways to the posterior scapular region351

Nerves354

Arteries and veins354

Axilla355

Axillary inlet355

Anterior wall356

Medial wall357

Lateral wall358

Posterior wall358

Gateways in the posterior wall359

Floor359

Contents of the axilla360

Arm370

Bones370

Muscles373

Nerves374

Arteries and veins375

Elbow joint377

Cubital fossa380

Forearm382

Bones383

Joints384

Anterior compartment of the forearm385

Muscles385

Arteries and veins387

Nerves388

Posterior compartment of forearm390

Muscles390

Arteries and veins392

Nerves392

Hand394

Bones394

Joints397

Carpal tunnel and structures at the wrist398

Palmar aponeurosis399

Anatomical snuffbox400

Fibrous digital sheaths400

Extensor hoods401

Muscles402

Arteries and veins403

Nerves407

8 Head and Neck415

Regional anatomy415

Head416

Neck416

Skull416

Anterior view416

Lateral view418

Posterior view420

Superior view421

Inferior view421

Cranial cavity424

Roof424

Floor425

Meninges429

Cranial dura mater429

Arachnoid mater432

Pia mater432

Meningeal spaces432

Brain and its blood supply434

Brain434

Blood supply435

Venous drainage437

Cranial nerves440

Olfactory nerve[Ⅰ]440

Optic nerve[Ⅱ]441

Oculomotor nerve[Ⅲ]441

Trochlear nerve[Ⅳ]442

Trigeminal nerve[Ⅴ]442

Ophthalmic nerve[Ⅴ1]443

Maxillary nerve[Ⅴ2]444

Mandibular nerve[Ⅴ3]444

Abducent nerve[Ⅵ]444

Facial nerve[Ⅶ]444

Vestibulocochlear nerve[Ⅷ]445

Glossopharyngeal nerve[Ⅸ]445

Vagus nerve[Ⅹ]446

Accessory nerve[Ⅺ]446

Hypoglossal nerve[Ⅻ]446

Face446

Muscles446

Parotid gland451

Innervation453

Vessels456

Scalp459

Layers459

Innervation460

Vessels461

Lymphatic drainage462

Orbit463

Bony orbit463

Eyelids464

Lacrimal apparatus467

Sensory innervation469

Fissures and foramina469

Fascial specializations471

Muscles472

Vessels475

Innervation476

Eyeball479

Ear482

External ear483

Middle ear487

Internal ear491

Temporal and infratemporal fossae495

Bony framework495

Temporomandibular joints497

Masseter muscle499

Temporal fossa500

Infratemporal fossa501

Pterygopalatine fossa509

Skeletal framework510

Gateways511

Contents511

Neck515

Fascia516

Superficial venous drainage519

Anterior triangle of the neck519

Posterior triangle of the neck530

Root of the neck534

Pharynx540

Skeletal framework541

Pharyngeal wall542

Fascia543

Gaps in the pharyngeal wall and structures passing through them543

Nasopharynx544

Oropharynx545

Laryngopharynx546

Tonsils546

Vessels546

Nerves547

Larynx548

Laryngeal cartilages549

Extrinsic ligaments550

Intrinsic ligaments551

Laryngeal joints553

Cavity of the larynx554

Intrinsic muscles555

Function of the larynx556

Vessels558

Nerves559

Nasal cavities559

Lateral wall560

Regions560

Skeletal framework561

External nose562

Paranasal sinuses562

Walls,floor,and roof564

Choanae566

Gateways566

Vessels567

Innervation568

Oral cavity571

Skeletal framework571

Walls:the cheeks574

Floor574

Tongue574

Salivary glands580

Roof—palate583

Oral fissure and lips586

Oropharyngeal isthmus586

Teeth and gingivae587