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语言学导论
  • Mariliaresende，纪玉华编著；田兵主审 著
  • 出版社： 西安：西安交通大学出版社
  • ISBN：9787560545813
  • 出版时间：2012
  • 标注页数：188页
  • 文件大小：48MB
  • 文件页数：200页
  • 主题词：语言学－高等学校－教材

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图书目录

THE AUTHORS1

PREFACE1

CHAPTER 1 LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS1

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS?2

1． Linguistics as a Science2

2． Language and Linguistics3

3． Origins and Functions of Language5

4． Spoken and Written Language8

5． Langue and Parole, Competence and Performance10

6． Linguistics as a Field of Research12

7． Different Approaches to Linguistics13

8． Major Schools of Linguistics14

CHAPTER 2 PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY20

WHAT ARE SPEECH SOUNDS?21

1． Sounds and Letters21

2． Production of Sounds24

3． Classification of Sounds26

4． Transcription of Sounds31

5． Phonetics: Phones and Allophones33

6． Phonology: Phonemes34

7． Phonological Rules36

8． Prosody: Intonation and Stress38

CHAPTER 3 MORPHOLOGY44

WHAT ARE WORDS?45

1． Words and Word Classes45

2． Morphs, Allomorphs and Morphemes48

3． Types of Morphemes49

4． Inflectional and Derivational Morphology50

5． Word Formation Processes53

CHAPTER 4 SYNTAX65

WHAT IS GRAMMAR?67

1． Grammar: Prescriptive and Descriptive67

2． Grammaticality, Acceptability and Syntactic Ambiguity68

3． Syntactic Structures71

4． Syntactic Categories74

5． Syntactic Functions76

6． Types of Sentences78

7． Types of Clauses81

CHAPTER 5 SEMANTICS86

WHAT IS MEANING?87

1． Meaning, Sense and Reference87

2． Levels of Meaning: Lexical and Sentential89

3． Componential Analysis93

4． Synonymy, Antonymy, Homonymy and Hyponymy94

5． Entailment, Presupposition, Inconsistency, Contradiction, Tautology and Anomaly100

6． Metaphorical Usage101

7． Idiomatic Usage104

CHAPTER 6 PRAGMATICS109

WHAT IS LANGUAGE USE?110

1． Semantics versus Pragmatics110

2． Reference and Inference113

3． Cohesion and Coherence115

4． Locutionary, Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Acts117

5． The Cooperative Principle119

6． Conversational Implicature120

7． The Politeness Principle122

8． Concept of 'Face'124

CHAPTER 7 LANGUAGE VARIATION130

WHAT IS LANGUAGE VARIATION?131

1． Sociolinguistics——Language and Society131

2． Accents and Dialects132

3． Sociolects or Social Dialects137

4． Register and Jargon141

5． Jargon, Slang and Argot143

6． Slang,Taboo and Euphemisms144

7． Language and Culture146

CHAPTER 8 LANGUAGE CHANGE153

WHAT IS LANGUAGE CHANGE?154

1． Language and History154

2． Internal Causes of Language Change156

3． External Causes of Language Change158

4． History of English161

5． Changes in Pronunciation and Spelling167

6． Changes in Grammar168

7． Changes in Vocabulary169

8． Changes in Meaning171

APPENDIX 1: KEY TO EXERCISES178

APPENDIX 2: BIBLIOGRAPHY187

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