模糊限制语的语用功能及其话语生成和理解的认知语用学研究PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Chapter one Introduction3

1.1 Research background3

1.2 Significance of the research5

1.3 Motivation for the research8

1.4 Objectives of the research13

1.5 Methodology for the research14

1.6 Organization of the dissertation16

Chapter Two Literature Review18

2.1 Introduction18

2.2 Researches of cognitive pragmatics18

2.2.1 Researches of cognitive pragmatics abroad19

2.2.2 Researches of cognitive pragmatics at home19

2.3 Hedges as pragmatic markers20

2.4 Research of hedges abroad22

2.4.1 L.A.Zadeh's research of hedges23

2.4.2 Lakoff's research of hedges24

2.4.3 Brown＆Levinson's research of hedges26

2.4.4 Prince et al.'s research of hedges27

2.4.5 Hyland's research of hedges29

2.4.6 Luukka's research of hedges30

2.5 Researches of hedges at home32

2.6 Approach for the present study34

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework of the Research34

3.1 Introduction36

3.2 Sperber＆Wilson's Relevance Theory37

3.2.1 Inference38

3.2.2 Cognitive environment and mutual manifestness40

3.2.3 Ostensive-inferential communication43

3.2.4 Informative intention and communicative intention45

3.2.5 Principles of relevance48

3.2.6 Contextual effect and processing effort51

3.3 Verschueren's metapragmatic awareness53

3.3.1 Indicators of metapragmatic awareness54

3.3.2 Metapragmatics and the nature of linguistic action56

3.4 Theoretical framework for the research of linguistic hedges58

3.4.1 Relevance theory used for the research58

3.4.2 Verschueren's theory used for the research64

3.5 Summary65

Chapter Four General Design of the Research65

4.1 Introduction67

4.2 Research hypotheses68

4.3 Research questions69

4.4 Methodology of the research70

4.5 Model applied71

4.6 Material selection for the research73

4.7 Summary75

Chapter Five An Analysis of Pragmatic Functions from the Relevance Perspective75

5.1 Introduction77

5.2 Panorama of linguistic hedges78

5.2.1 Identification of linguistic hedges79

5.2.2 Definitions of linguistic hedges and hedging81

5.2.3 Taxonomy of linguistic hedges85

5.2.4 Syntactic structure of linguistic hedges91

5.3 Analysis of the pragmatic functions from the relevance perspective94

5.3.1 Modification of the truth value of the proposition95

5.3.2 Improvement of information precision97

5.3.3 Appropriateness in verbal interactions100

5.3.4 Protection for the speaker's and hearer's face101

5.3.5 Interpretation in academic writings105

5.3.6 Motivation for political and diplomatic situations107

5.3.7 Preservation of literary styles108

5.3.8 Remedy for the lack of knowledge110

5.3.9 Metaphorical expressions112

5.3.10 Improvement of expressive efficiency114

5.4 Summary116

Chapter Six An Analysis of Hedges from Frequencies＆Ratios116

6.1 Introduction119

6.2 Analysis of approximators from frequencies＆ratios121

6.2.1 Analysis of rounders122

6.2.2 Analysis of adaptors129

6.3 Analysis of shields from frequencies＆ratios137

6.3.1 Analysis of plausibility shields137

6.3.2 Analysis of attribution shields142

6.4 Summary148

Chapter Seven A Cognitive-pragmatic Analysis of Hedges148

7.1 Introduction150

7.2 General features of linguistic communication152

7.2.1 Code model153

7.2.2 Inferential model155

7.2.3 Ostensive-inferential communication model157

7.3 Analysis of pragmatic constraints and hedged utterances159

7.3.1 Pragmatic constraints159

7.3.2 Utterance production162

7.3.3 Utterance comprehension166

7.4 Analysis of relevance features of hedged communication168

7.4.1 Procedural information of hedges169

7.4.2 Hedges in ostensive-inferential communication173

7.4.3 Metapragmatic awareness in hedged communication176

7.4.4 Relationships between hedges and information structure182

7.5 Analysis of hedges from cognitive pragmatics185

7.5.1 Hedges and degrees of relevance186

7.5.2 Determination of assumptions and hedges191

7.5.3 Inference from hedged utterances196

7.5.4 Cognitive context and roles of hedges199

7.5.5 Influences of hedges over processing efforts202

7.6 Utterance coherence and hedges205

7.6.1 Utterance coherence206

7.6.2 Influences of hedges over utterance coherence207

7.7 Relevance between hedges and pragmatic principles212

7.7.1 Conversational implicatures in hedged communication212

7.7.2 Indirectness215

7.7.3 Negative politeness217

7.7.4 Face-threatening acts220

7.8 Summary222

Chapter Eight Conclusion224

8.1 Major findings of the research224

8.1.1 Findings about the dynamic nature of hedged communication225

8.1.2 Findings about the use of hedges in verbal communication228

8.2 Implications of the research230

8.3 Limitations of the research232

8.4 Suggestions for future studies233

Bibliography236

Appendix Ⅰ：Classification of Common Linguistic Hedges252

Appendix Ⅱ：Tables for the Frequency of Hedge Application in the Five Genres255

Appendix Ⅲ：Randomly Chosen Samples for Further Investigation268