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POETRY AS A WAY OF SAYING1

Sonnet 73&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE5

1 DRAMATIC SITUATION17

Foreword17

"Out,Out-"&ROBERT FROST18

Frankie and Johnny&ANONYMOUS19

Jesse James&ANONYMOUS20

Sir Patrick Spence&ANONYMOUS23

The Demon Lover&ANONYMOUS27

Mama and Daughter&LANGSTON HUGHES29

The Echoing Green&WILLIAM BLAKE30

Battle of the Bonhomme Richard and the Serapis&WALT WHITMAN31

Danny Deever&RUDYARD KIPLING35

Farewell to Barn and Stack and Tree&A.E.HOUSMAN36

Ten Days Leave&W.D.SNODGRASS37

Waking in the Blue&ROBERT LOWELL39

Meeting at Night&ROBERT BROWNING41

Parting at Morning&ROBERT BROWNING41

The Workbox&THOMAS HARDY42

The Fall of Rome&W.H.AUDEN44

Channel Firing&THOMAS HARDY45

Afterword48

RHYTHM AND METER:149

Supplemental Poems51

The Code&ROBERT FROST51

The Three Ravens&ANONYMOUS54

The Twa Corbies&ANONYMOUS55

The Cameo&EDNA ST.VINCENT MILLAY56

Ulysses&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON57

Hell Gate&A.E.HOUSMAN59

Proud Maisie&SIR WALTER SCOTT62

La Belle Dame sans Merci&JOHN KEATS63

The Haunted Oak&PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR64

2 DESCRIPTION:IMAGES,MOODS,AND ATTITUDES68

Foreword68

Three Short Japanese poems69

In a Station of the Metro&EZRA POUND71

Red Wheelbarrow&WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS73

Written in March&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH74

Pippa's Song&ROBERT BROWNING76

Dust of Snow&ROBERT FROST77

November Cotton Flower&JEAN TOOMER78

Beloved,Let Us Once More Praise the Rain&CONRAD AIKEN78

Two Voices in a Meadow&RICHARD WILBUR79

Cavalry Crossing a Ford&WALT WHITMAN81

Cuttings&THEODORE ROETHKE82

Inversnaid&GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS83

Spring&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE85

Winter&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE86

To Autumn&JOHN KEATS87

Ode:Autumn&THOMAS HOOD89

Composed upon Westminster Bridge&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH91

Preludes&T.S.ELIOT91

Blow,Bugle,Blow&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON94

"CHANNEL FIRING":A SECOND LOOK95

RHYTHM AND METER:297

Supplemental Poems98

from The Palace of Art&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON98

The Main-Deep&JAMES STEPHENS99

Pear Tree&H.D.(HILDA DOOLITTLE)100

Heat&H.D.(HILDA DOOLITTLE)101

The Sun Has Set&EMILY BRONT？101

You Know&JEAN GARRIGUE102

The Woodspurge&DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI102

The Geranium&THEODORE ROETHKE103

Separation on the River Kiang&EZRA POUND104

The River-Merchant's Wife:A Letter&EZRA POUND104

Rocky Acres&ROBERT GRAVES106

A Letter from the Caribbean&BARBARA HOWES107

The Yew in the Churchyard&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON108

Yew-Trees&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH109

Pray to What Earth Does This Sweet Cold Belong&HENRY DAVID THOREAU111

3 TONE112

Foreword112

A．Three Poems of National Celebration116

from On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON116

1887&A.E.HOUSMAN117

Recessional&RUDYARD KIPLING120

B．Death in Battle123

Sormebody's Darling&MARIE RAVENEL DE LA COSTE123

Inscription&HERMAN MELVILLE125

Come UP from the Fields,Father&WALT WHITMAN126

Dulce et Decorum Est&WILFRED OWEN129

C．The Lovers Give Up the World130

Let the Rest of the Worid Go By&J.KEIRN BRENNAN130

Maesia's Song&ROBERT GREENE131

The Canonization&JOHN DONNE134

D．A Garland of Love Poems138

Western Wind&ANONYMOUS138

When Love Meets Love&THOMAS EDWARD BROWN139

Fatima&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON140

Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE141

If Thou Must Love Me&ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING142

Lullaby&W.H.AUDEN143

E．The Miser and the Spendthrift145

from Don Juan&GEORGE GORDON,LORD BYRON145

To a Young Heir&SAMUEL JOHNSON147

Provide,Provide&ROBERT FROST148

F．Against the Establishment149

London&WILLIAM BLAKE149

from Beppo&GEORGE GORDON,LORD BYRON150

England in 1819&PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY151

An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum&STEPHEN SPENDER152

Joe Hill&ALFRED HAYES153

Sam Hall&ANONYMOUS154

For the Union Dead&ROBERT LOWELL155

Puzzled&LANGSTON HUGHES158

Kitchenette Building&GWENDOLYN BROOKS158

If We Must Die&CLAUDE MCKAY159

A Supermarket in California&ALLEN GINSBERG159

Afterword161

RHYTHM AND METER:3162

Supplemental Poems164

G．Eve in the Garden164

Eve&RALPH HODGSON164

Eve&ARTHUR J.BULL166

from Paradise Lost&JOHN MILTON168

H．Modern War170

A Utilitarian View of the Monitor's Fight&HERMAN MELVILLE170

The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner&RANDALL JARRELL171

The Fury of Aerial Bombardment&RICHARD EBERHART172

Naming of Parts&HENRY REED173

The Leg&KARL SHAPIRO173

Ⅰ．Death and Mourning175

After the Burial&JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL175

A Refusal to Mourn the Death,by Fire,of a Child in London&DYLAN THOMAS177

Luke Havergal&EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON178

At the Slackening of the Tide&JAMES WRIGHT179

Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter&JOHN CROWE RANSOM180

Epitaph on Salomon Pavy&BEN JONSON181

J．A Second Garland of Love Poems183

Winter Remembered&JOHN CROWE RANSOM183

La Figlia che Piange&T.S.ELIOT184

A Litany&SIR PHILIP SIDNEY185

Cynara&ERNEST DOWSON187

I Knew aWoman&THEODORE ROETHKE188

K．Four New England Poems189

Mr.Flood's Party&EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON189

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening&ROBERT FROST191

Father&JOHN WHEELWRIGHT192

Tell All the Truth&EMILY DICKINSON193

RHYTHM AND METER:4193

4 ANALOGICAL LANGUAGE:METAPHOR AND SYMBOL196

Foreword196

A．Atmosphere to Symbol197

Mariana&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON197

Anecdote of the Jar&WALLACE STEVENS200

The Lamb&WILLIAM BLAKE201

The Tiger&WILLIAM BLAKE202

B．Image to Metaphor203

Desert Places&ROBERT FROST203

The Song of the Smoke&W.E.B.DUBOIS207

The Windhover&GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS208

The Goat Paths&JAMES STEPHENS209

A city Shower&JONATHAN SWIFT211

Go,Lovely Rose&EDMUND WALLER213

Follow Thy Fair Sun,Unhappy Shadow&THOMAS CAMPION215

Blame Not My Cheeks&THOMAS CAMPION217

Mv Springs&SIDNEY LANIER218

C．Image in the Discourse of a Poem220

She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH220

The Definition of Love&ANDREW MARVELL222

You're the Top&COLE PORTER225

Cleopatra's Lament&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE228

Macbeth Thinks of Murdering the King&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE232

At Melville's Tomb&HART CRANE233

D．Image as Summary236

Sylvester's Dying Bed&LANGSTON HUGHES236

Dark House&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON237

Commemorative of a Naval Victory&HERMAN MELVILLE238

A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning&JOHN DONNE240

E．Combination and Variation242

Tears,Idle Tears&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON242

A Lecture upon the Shadow&JOHN DONNE243

As I Walked Out One Evening&W.H.AUDEN245

After Great Pain,a Formal Feeling Comes-&EMILY DICKINSON247

Evening Song&SIDNEY LANIER247

On the Founding of Liberia&MELVIN TOLSON250

RHYTHM AND METER:5251

Supplemental Poems254

F．Love and Time254

Sonnet 65&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE254

To His Coy Mistress&ANDREW MARVELL255

Because I Could Not Stop for Death-&EMILY DICKINSON256

Envoi&EZRA POUND258

Empty Bed Blues&BESSIE SMITH259

The Last Days of Alice&ALLEN TATE260

Voyages&HART CRANE261

Night&LOUISE BOGAN263

The Goldfish Wife&SANDRA HOCHMAN264

Love Calls Us to the Things of This World&RICHARD WILBUR264

5 THEME,MEANING,AND DRAMATIC STRUCTURE266

Foreword266

A．Death and Renown271

Death the Leveler&JAMES SHIRLEY271

When I Have Fears&JOHN KEATS272

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard&THOMAS GRAY273

In Memory of W.B.Yeats&W.H.AUDEN278

The Country Wedding&THOMAS HARDY280

B．The Joys of the Simple Life282

Under the Greenwood Tree&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE282

Art Thou Poor,Yet Hast Thou Golden Slumbers?&THOMAS DEKKER(?)284

To the Four Courts,Please&JAMES STEPHENS286

Two Songs from Sweeney Agonistes&T.S.ELIOT287

C．The Breakup of a Civilization290

The Unknown Citizen&W.H.AUDEN290

Shine,Perishing Republic&ROBINSON JEFFERS291

from Hugh Selwyn Mauberley&EZRA POUND292

The Second Coming&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS295

The Waste Land&T.S.ELIOT297

Afterword310

RHYTHM AND METER:6312

Supplemental Poems313

D．Man and Nature313

After Apple-Picking&ROBERT FROST313

The Miracle&WALTER DE LA MARE314

The Force That Through the Green Fuse&DYLAN THOMAS315

A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH316

The Eagle and the Mole&ELINOR WYLIE316

Brahma&RALPH WALDO EMERSON317

Kubla Khan&SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE318

Ode on a Grecian Urn&JOHN KEATS320

E．The False Lover or Indifferent Lover322

Careless Love&ANONYMOUS322

Ye Flowery Banks&ROBERT BURNS323

When Lovely Woman Stoops to Folly&OLIVER GOLDSMITH324

The Dark-Eyed Gentleman&THOMAS HARDY324

My Silks and Fine Array&WILLIAM BLAKE326

I Shall Go Back&EDNA ST.VINCENT MILLAY327

Early Evening Quarrel&LANGSTON HUGHES328

F．Belief(Including the Problems in Believing)329

The Scoffers&WILLIAM BLAKE329

If Poisonous Minerals&JOHN DONNE330

Church Going&PHILIP LARKIN331

Dover Beach&MATTHEW ARNOLD333

Lycidas&JOHN MILTON334

The Dav After Sunday&PHYLLIS MCGINLEY339

6 APPLICATIONS:THE POET LOOKS AT A BIRD341

Foreword341

Hawk Roosting&TED HUGHES342

Hurt Hawks&ROBINSON JEFFERS343

The Owl&EDWARD THOMAS344

The Darkling Thrush&THOMAS HARDY345

Bantams in Pine-Woods&WALLACE STEVENS347

Little Trotty Wagtail&JOHN CLARE347

Philomela&MATTHEW ARNOLD349

The Need of Being Versed in Country Things&ROBERT FROST350

The Wild Swans at Coole&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS351

Wild Swans&EDNA ST.VINCENT MILLAY353

Sailing to Byzantium&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS353

Ode to a Nightingale&JOHN KEATS355

Afterword359

Supplemental Poems361

The Eagle&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON361

Gamecock&JAMES DICKEY362

The Solitary Reaper&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH363

Lady Lost&JOHN CROWE RANSOM365

Nightingales&ROBERT BRIDGES366

No Swan So Fine&MARIANNE MOORE367

7 POEMS FOR STUDY369

A Grave&MARIANNE MOORE369

Little Exercise&ELIZABETH BISHOP370

The Snow-Storm&RALPH WALDO EMERSON371

Snow-Flakes&HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW372

The Season 'Tis,My Lovely Lambs&E.E.CUMMINGS372

Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries&A.E.HOUSMAN373

Ode to the Confederate Dead&ALLEN TATE373

The Heron&VERNON WATKINS376

The Gallows&EDWARD THOMAS377

The Cottage Hospital&JOHN BETJEMAN377

The Groundhog&RICHARD EBERHART378

The Heavy Bear Who Goes with Me&DELMORE SCHWARTZ379

Thou Art Indeed Just,Lord&GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS380

Lucifer in Starlight&GEORGE MEREDITH381

The Visitant&THEODORE ROETHKE381

Piano&D.H.LAWRENCE382

Losses&RANDALL JARRELL382

Song for the Last Act&LOUISE BOGAN383

The Soul Selects&EMILY DICKINSON384

Love in Vain&ROBERT JOHNSON384

I Shall Not Care&SARA TEASDALE385

My Father Moved Through Dooms of Love&E.E.CUMMINGS385

Frescoes for Mr.Rockefeller's City&ARCHIBALD MACLEISH387

Grapes Making&L？ONIE ADAMS393

The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket&ROBERT LOWELL394

The Last Ride Together&ROBERT BROWNING397

The Going&THOMAS HARDY400

O Black and Unknown Bards&JAMES WELDON JOHNSON401

We Wear the Mask&PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR402

Swing Low,Sweet Chariot&ANONYMOUS403

I Know Moonrise&ANONYMOUS403

Upon a Dying Lady&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS403

8 REPRESENTATIVE POEMS OF OUR TIME406

Hardweed Path Going&A.R.AMMONS407

These Lacustrine Cities&JOHN ASHBERY409

Sand Creek&CHARLES BALLARD409

Poem for HalfWhite College Students&IMAMU AMIRI BARAKA(LEROI JONES)410

from Eleven Addresses to the Lord&JOHN BERRYMAN411

The Figures&ROBERT CREELEY412

Bed Time&PETER DAVISON413

Faces Seen Once&JAMES DICKEY413

My Sad Self&ALLEN GINSBERG415

Mothers&NIKKI GIOVANNI417

For My Mother&LOUISE GL？CK418

Christmas Eve in Whitneyville,1955&DONALD HALL418

Those Winter Sundays&ROBERT HAYDEN420

"More Light!More Light!"&ANTHONY HECHT420

The Center of Attention&DANIEL HOFFMAN421

The Curse&JOHN HOLLANDER423

A Far Crv After a Close Call&RICHARD HOWARD425

Graves at Eikhorn&RICHARD HUGO426

Europe and America&DAVID IGNATOW426

How You Get Born&ERICA JONG427

Counting the Mad&DONALD JUSTICE428

Getting the Mail&GALWAY KINNELL428

Hard Rock Returns to Prison&ETHERIDGE KNIGHT429

I Think of Housman&JUDITH KROLL430

The Testing-Tree&STANLEY KUNITZ430

The Old Adam&DENISE LEVERTOV433

The Open Sea&WILLIAM MEREDITH434

Thistledown&JAMES MERRILL434

The Widow&W.S.MERWIN435

Earth and I Gave You Turquoise&N.SCOTT MOMADAY436

I Saw Mv Darling&FREDERICK MORGAN437

Long Island Springs&HOWARD MOSS437

from Life on Earth&FRANK O'HARA439

The Quiet Fog&MARGE PIERCY440

Daddy&SYLVIA PLATH441

The Feral Pioneers&ISHMAEL REED443

Living in Sin&ADRIENNE RICH443

Poem(I Lived in the First Century)&MURIAL RUKEYESER444

Summer Words for a Sister Addict&SONIA SANCHEZ445

from The Modes of Valleio Street&HUGH SEIDMAN445

For My Lover,Returning to His Wife&ANNE SEXTON447

Love Poem&LESLIE MARMON SILKO449

Stumpfoot on 42nd Street&LOUIS SIMPSON449

Mementos,1&W.D.SNODGRASS450

All the Spirit Powers Went to Their Dancing Place&GARY SNYDER451

In Time of Need&WILLIAM STAFFORD452

from Elegy for My Father&MARK STRAND452

How to Be Old&MAY SWENSON454

The Lost Pilot&JAMES TATE454

In the Churchyard&ELEANOR ROSS TAYLOR456

The Gardner to His God&MONA VAN DUYN456

In the Badlands&DAVID WAGONER457

Placing a $2 Bet&DIANE WAKOSKI458

A Far Cry from Africa&DEREK WALCOTT459

Birth of Love&ROBERT PENN WARREN460

The Minneapolis Poem&JAMES WRIGHT461

APPENDIX A HOW POEMS COME ABOUT:INTENTION AND MEANING464

I Hoed and Trenched and Weeded&A.E.HOUSMAN470

The Woman at the Washington Zoo&RANDALL JARRELL481

The Immortal Part&A.E.HOUSMAN485

To an Athlete Dying Young&A.E.HOUSMAN491

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH492

APPENDIX B METRICS493

Foreword493

Accentual-Syllabic Verse495

Feet and Line Lengths:Terms Defined497

RHETORICAL VARIATION500

Substitution of Feet501

Defective Feet502

SIGNIFICANCE OF RHETORICAL VARIATION503

SOME PRACTICAL NOTES ON SCANSION504

Anapestic and Dactylic Meter506

Why So Pale and Wan?&SIR JOHN SUCKLING508

End-Line and Internal Pauses510

Like as the Waves&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE513

To Heaven&BEN JONSON513

Ah,Sunflower&WILLIAM BLAKE514

After Long Silence&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS515

Rose Aylmer&WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR517

A Deep-Sworn Vow&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS519

QUANTITATIVE VARIATION AND FORCED PAUSES520

Neutral Tones&THOMAS HARDY521

Sound and Sense(from an Essay on Criticism)&ALEXANDER POPE522

Rhyme523

Stanza Forms525

How Do I Love Thee?&ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING526

On the Late Massacre in Piedmont&JOHN MILTON526

To Daffodils&ROBERT HERRICK528

The Blossom&JOHN DONNE529

Villanelle of the Poet's Road&ERNEST DOWSON531

Missing Dates&WILLIAM EMPSON532

Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night&DYLAN THOMAS533

Paysage Moralisé&W.H.AUDEN533

Onomatopoeia and Related Effects534

God's Grandeur&GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS537

No More Be Grieved&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE540

The Expense of Spirit&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE541

The Music of Verse542

Voices&WALTER DE LA MARE549

The Dream&THEODORE ROETHKE550

All Day I Hear&JAMES JOYCE552

Accentual or Stress Meter553

Free Verse560

There Was a Crimson Clash of War&STEPHEN CRANE566

Chicago&CARL SANDBURG566

Impressions,Number III&E.E.CUMMINGS568

Poem(By the Road to the Contagious Hospital)&WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS570

Overland to the Islands&DENISE LEVERTOV572

Poetry&MARIANNE MOORE572

Nine Birds&E.E.CUMMINGS573

Afterword575

APPENDIX C METAPHOR AND SYMBOL COMPARED AND CONTRASTED577

APPENDIX D PARODIES582

You Are Old,Father William&LEWIS CARROLL584

The Old Man's Comforts&ROBERT SOUTHEY585

The Last Ride Together&J.K.STEPHEN585

Camerados&BAYARD TAYLOR587

With Rue My Heart Is Laden&SAMUEL HOFFENSTEIN589

With Rue My Heart Is Laden&A.E.HOUSMAN589

Chard Whitlow&HENRY REED589

Just a Smack at Auden&WILLIAM EMPSON590

Squeal&LOUIS SIMPSON592

The Dover Bitch&ANTHONY HECHT593

Parody of Edgar Allan Poe,"Ulalume"&ALDOUS HUXLEY546

Parody of Algernon Charles Swinburne,"Dolores"&A.C.HILTON547

Phonetic parody of John Milton,"Ode on the Nativity"&I.A.RICHARDS549

Index of Authors,Titles,and Terms595