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第一章 新的挑战1

PART ONE Ideas for Writing5

Reading for Ideas:"A Letter to Alex"5

THINKING CRITICALLY Making Inferences7

PART TWO Language for Writing8

Describing Impressions of People,Places,and Things8

Describing Problems9

Asking Information Questions9

PART THREE Systems for Writing12

The Paragraph12

The Topic Sentence13

Focus on Testing:Focusing Your Paragraph13

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting23

第二章 学习观25

PART ONE Ideas for Writing30

Reading for Ideas:"Where Colleges Fail Us"by Caroline Bird30

THINKING CRITICALLY Analyzing Information33

PART TWO Language for Writing35

Discussing Issues in Education35

PART THREE Systems for Writing38

Paragraph Unity38

Focus on Testing:Unifying Your Paragraphs39

Paragraph Organization39

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting46

第三章 家庭关系49

PART ONE Ideas for Writing52

Reading for Ideas:"An Interview with Audrey"52

THINKING CRITICALLY Making Comparisons55

PART TWO Language for Writing57

Describing People:Roles and Relationships57

PART THREE Systems for Writing60

From Paragraph to Essay60

The Essay62

Focus on Testing:Making an Outline68

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting69

第四章 健康71

PART ONE Ideas for Writing76

Reading for Ideas:"Cynicism and Mistrust Tied to Early Death,"by Sandra Blakeslee76

THINKING CRITICALLY Analyzing Sources78

PART TWO Language for Writing80

Showing Causes and Effects80

Describing Influences on Health81

PART THREE Systems for Writing82

The Thesis Statement82

Focus on Testing:Answering the Question84

Supporting Ideas84

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting88

第五章 高科技，低科技91

PART ONE Ideas for Writing94

Reading for Ideas:"Small World,"by Samuel Greengard94

THINKING CRITICALLY Analyzing Pros and Cons97

PART TWO Language for Writing98

Discussing Technology98

Using Quotations98

Paraphrasing100

PART THREE Systems for Writing102

Introductions102

Essay Development104

Focus on Testing:Checking Your Main Idea106

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting108

第六章 金融111

PART ONE Ideas for Writing114

Reading for Ideas:"Valley Visionaries:A World of Talent,"by Tom Abate114

THINKING CRITICALLY Speculating117

PART TWO Language for Writing118

Discussing Success in Business118

PART THREE Systems for Writing120

Paragraph Coherence Through Pronouns,Key Words,and Paraphrasing120

Conclusions121

Focus on Testing:Avoiding Repetition125

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting126

第七章 休闲时光127

PART ONE Ideas for Writing132

Reading for Ideas:"The Olympic Games"132

THINKING CRITICALLY Distinguishing Between General and Specific136

PART TWO Language for Writing138

Classifying Leisure-Time Activities138

Reviewing Countable and Uncountable Nouns139

PART THREE Systems for Writing142

Writing Well-Developed Paragraphs142

Focus on Testing:Outlining Ideas144

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting146

第八章 创造力149

PART ONE Ideas for Writing153

Reading for Ideas:"Defining Creativity for Everyone to See Wasn't Exactly Easy,"by Bill Moyers153

THINKING CRITICALLY Analyzing Metaphors155

PART TWO Language for Writing156

Making Comparisons156

Describing the Creative Process157

PART THREE Systems for Writing158

Paragraph Coherence158

Organizing a Comparison Paragraph161

Focusing on Testing:Avoiding Repetition165

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting166

第九章 人类行为169

PART ONE Ideas for Writing173

Reading for Ideas:"Nonverbal Behavior:Some Intricate and Diverse Dimensions in Intercultural Communication,"by Fathi Yousef173

THINKING CRITICALLY Distinguishing Fact from Fiction176

PART TWO Language for Writing178

Describing Nonverbal Behavior and Cultural Values178

PART THREE Systems for Writing181

Paragraph Development:General to Specific Information181

Focuson Testing:Drawing Your Ideas183

Outlines185

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting189

第十章 犯罪与惩罚193

PART ONE Ideas for Writing197

Reading for Ideas:"Raising Cain on Values:Discipline:Spare the Rod—But Crack Down,"by William Bennett197

THINKING CRITICALLY Recognizing Probable Statements200

PART TWO Language for Writing203

Citing Authorities203

Exposing Weaknesses in Opposing Arguments204

PART THREE Systems for Writing207

Summarizing207

Organizing a Summary-and-Reaction Essay210

Focus On Testing:Writing a Quick Summary and Reaction210

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting214

第十一章 自然界217

PART ONE Ideas for Writing223

Reading for Ideas:"Never in Anger:Portrait of an Eskimo Family,"by Jean L.Briggs223

THINKING CRITICALLY Building on Your Knowledge Base228

PART TWO Language for Writing228

Describing Environmental Conditions228

PART THREE Systems for Writing230

Using Sensory Details230

Focus on Testing:Adding Specific Details232

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting233

第十二章 共同拥有的小星球237

PART ONE Ideas for Writing240

Reading for Ideas:"The Lowest Animal"by Mark Twain240

THINKING CRITICALLY Recognizing Date Clues244

PART TWO Language for Writing245

Discussing Intelligence245

Writing Definitions246

PART THREE Systems for Writing247

Essay Organization247

Three Essay Organization Patterns249

Focus on Testing:Basing Your Essay on Your Thesis Statement254

PART FOUR Evaluating for Rewriting255

Answers to Selected Exercises and Questions 答案257