应用电磁学基础 2001年多媒体版 英文本PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

应用电磁学基础 2001年多媒体版 英文本PDF格式电子书版下载

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1 INTRODUCTION:WAVES AND PHASORS1

1-1 Dimensions,Units,and Notation4

1-2 The Nature of Electromagnetism5

1-2.1 The Gravitational Force:A Useful Analogue6

1-2.2 Electric Fields7

1-2.3 Magnetic Fields9

1-2.4 Static and Dynamic Fields11

1-3 Traveling Waves12

1-3.1 Sinusoidal Wave in a Lossless Medium14

1-3.2 Sinusoidal Wave in a Lossy Medium17

1-4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum19

1-5 Review of Complex Numbers22

1-6 Review of Phasors24

Problems29

2 TRANSMISSION LINES33

2-1 General Considerations35

2-1.1 The Role of Wavelength36

2-1.2 Propagation Modes37

2-2 Lumped-Element Model39

2-3 Transmission-Line Equations43

2-4 Wave Propagation on a Transmission Line44

2-5 The Lossless Transmission Line47

2-5.1 Voltage Reflection Coefficient48

2-5.2 Standing Waves51

2-6 Input Impedance of the Lossless Line55

2-7.1 Short-Circuited Line58

2-7 Special Cases of the Lossless Line58

2-7.2 Open-Circuited Line60

2-7.3 Application of Short-Circuit and Open-Circuit Measurements60

2-7.4 Lines of Length ι=nλ/262

2-7.5 Quarter-Wave Transformer62

2-7.6 Matched Transmission Line:Z8L=Z062

2-8 Power Flow on a Lossless Transmission Line64

2-8.1 Instantaneous Power64

2-8.2 Time-Average Power65

2-9 The Smith Chart66

2-9.1 Parametric Equations66

2-9.2 Input Impedance71

2-9.3 SWR,Voltage Maxima and Minima73

2-9.4 Impedance to Admittance Transformations74

2-10 Impedance Matching80

2-11 Transients on Transmission Lines84

2-11.1 Transient Response84

2-11.2 Bounce Diagrams88

Problems92

3 VECTOR ANALYSIS100

3-1 Basic Laws of Vector Algebra101

3-1.1 Equality of Two Vectors102

3-1.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction103

3-1.3 Position and Distance Vectors103

3-1.4 Vector Multiplication104

3-1.5 Scalar and Vector Triple Products107

3-2 Orthogonal Coordinate Systems108

3-2.2 Cylindrical Coordinates109

3-2.1 Cartesian Coordinates109

3-2.3 Spherical Coordinates113

3-3 Transformations between Coordinate Systems115

3-3.1 Cartesian to Cylindrical Transformations115

3-3.2 Cartesian to Spherical Transformations117

3-3.3 Cylindrical to Spherical Transformations119

3-3.4 Distance between Two Points119

3-4 Gradient of a Scalar Field120

3-4.1 Gradient Operator in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates121

3-4.2 Properties of the Gradient Operator122

3-5 Divergence of a Vector Field123

3-5.1 Divergence Theorem125

3-5.2 Remarks on Notation125

3-6 Curl of a Vector Field127

3-6.1 Vector Identities Involving the Curl128

3-6.2 Stokes's Theorem129

3-7 Laplacian Operator130

Problems132

4 ELECTROSTATICS138

4-1 Maxwell's Equations139

4-2 Charge and Current Distributions140

4-2.1 Charge Densities140

4-2.2 Current Density142

4-3 Coulomb's Law143

4-3.1 Electric Field due to Multiple Point Charges144

4-3.2 Electric Field due to a Charge Distribution145

4-5.4 Electric Field as a Function of Electric Potential147

4-4 Gauss's Law148

4-5 Electric Scalar Potential151

4-5.1 Electric Potential as a Function of Electric Field151

4-5.2 Electric Potential due to Point Charges153

4-5.3 Electric Potential due to Continuous Distributions153

4-5.5 Poisson's Equation155

4-6 Electrical Properties of Materials156

4-7 Conductors157

4-7.1 Resistance158

4-7.2 Joule's Law160

4-8 Dielectrics161

4-9 Electric Boundary Conditions163

4-9.1 Dielectric—Conductor Boundary166

4-9.2 Conductor—Conductor Boundary167

4-10 Capacitance168

4-11 Electrostatic Potential Energy172

4-12 Image Method173

Problems176

5 MAGNETOSTATICS186

5-1 Magnetic Forces and Torques187

5-1.1 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor189

5-1.2 Magnetic Torque on a Current-Carrying Loop192

5-2 The Biot—Savart Law195

5-2.1 Magnetic Field due to Surface and Volume Current Distributions196

5-2.2 Magnetic Field of a Magnetic Dipole199

5-3 Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors200

5-4 Maxwell's Magnetostatic Equations201

5-4.1 Gauss's Law for Magnetism201

5-4.2 Amphere's Law202

5-5 Vector Magnetic Potential206

5-6 Magnetic Properties of Materials208

5-6.1 Orbital and Spin Magnetic Moments208

5-6.2 Magnetic Permeability209

5-6.3 Magnetic Hysteresis of Ferromagnetic Materials210

5-7 Magnetic Boundary Conditions213

5-8 Inductance214

5-8.1 Magnetic Field in a Solenoid215

5-8.2 Self-inductance216

5-8.3 Mutual Inductance218

5-9 Magnetic Energy219

Problems221

6 MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS FOR TIME-VARYING FIELDS229

6-1 Faraday's Law231

6-2 Stationary Loop in a Time-Varying Magnetic Field233

6-3 The Ideal Transformer237

6-4 Moving Conductor in a Static Magnetic Field238

6-5 The Electromagnetic Generator241

6-6 Moving Conductor in a Time-Varying Magnetic Field243

6-7 Displacement Current244

6-8 Boundary Conditions for Electromagnetics246

6-9 Charge-Current Continuity Relation247

6-10 Free-Charge Dissipation in a Conductor249

6-11 Electromagnetic Potentials250

6-11.1 Retarded Potentials250

6-11.2 Time-Harmonic Potentials251

Problems255

7 PLANE-WAVE PROPAGATION260

7-1 Time-Harmonic Fields262

7-1.1 Complex Permittivity263

7-1.2 Wave Equations for a Charge-Free Medium263

7-2 Plane-Wave Propagation in Lossless Media264

7-2.1 Uniform Plane Waves264

7-2.2 General Relation between E and H268

7-3 Wave Polarization269

7-3.1 Linear Polarization270

7-3.2 Circular Polarization271

7-3.3 Elliptical Polarization273

7-4 Plane-Wave Propagation in Lossy Media276

7-4.1 Low-Loss Dielectric278

7-4.2 Good Conductor278

7-5 Current Flow in a Good Conductor280

7-6 Electromagnetic Power Density283

7-6.1 Plane Wave in a Lossless Medium284

7-6.2 Plane Wave in a Lossy Medium285

7-6.3 Decibel Scale for Power Ratios286

Problems288

8 WAVE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION,AND GEOMETRIC OPTICS292

8-1 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence294

8-1.1 Boundary between Lossless Media294

8-1.2 Transmission-Line Analogue297

8-1.3 Power Flow in Lossless Media298

8-1.4 Boundary between Lossy Media301

8-2 Snell's Laws303

8-3 Fiber Optics306

8-4 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence308

8-4.1 Perpendicular Polarization309

8-4.2 Parallel Polarization313

8-4.3 Brewster Angle315

8-5 Reflectivity and Transmissivity316

8-6 Geometric Optics319

8-7 Images Formed by Mirrors320

8-7.1 Images Formed by Plane Mirrors321

8-7.2 Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors322

8-8 Images Formed by Spherical Lenses324

Problems332

9 RADIATION AND ANTENNAS340

9-1 The Short Dipole343

9-1.1 Far-Field Approximation345

9-1.2 Power Density346

9-2 Antenna Radiation Characteristics348

9-2.1 Antenna Pattern349

9-2.2 Beam Dimensions351

9-2.3 Antenna Directivity351

9-2.4 Antenna Gain354

9-2.5 Radiation Resistance354

9-3 Half-Wave Dipole Antenna355

9-3.1 Directivity of λ/2 Dipole357

9-3.2 Radiation Resistance of λ/2 Dipole357

9-3.3 Quarter-Wave Monopole Antenna358

9-4 Dipole of Arbitrary Length359

9-5 Effective Area of a Receiving Antenna360

9-6 Friis Transmission Formula363

9-7 Radiation by Large-Aperture Antennas365

9-8 Rectangular Aperture with Uniform Aperture Distribution368

9-8.1 Beamwidth369

9-8.2 Directivity and Effective Area370

9-9 Antenna Arrays371

9-10 N-Element Array with Uniform Phase Distribution378

9-11 Electronic Scanning of Arrays380

9-11.1 Uniform-Amplitude Excitation382

9-11.2 Array Feeding382

Problems386

10 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND RADAR SENSORS390

10-1 Satellite Communication Systems391

10-2 Satellite Transponders393

10-3 Communication-Link Power Budget396

10-4 Antenna Beams398

10-5.1 Basic Operation of a Radar System399

10-5 Radar Sensors399

10-5.2 Unambiguous Range400

10-5.3 Range and Angular Resolutions401

10-6 Target Detection402

10-7 Doppler Radar404

10-8 Monopulse Radar406

Problems410

APPENDIX A SYMBOLS,QUANTITIES,AND UNITS411

APPENDIX B MATERIAL CONSTANTS OF SOME COMMON MATERIALS413

APPENDIX C MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS415

APPENDIX D ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS417

BIBLIOGRAPHY423

INDEX425