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Chapter One:Aspects of address theory1

1.1 Introduction1

1.2 Basic concepts and terminology5

1.3 Classifications of address forms11

1.4 The scope of the present study14

Notes15

Chapter Two:Literature Review17

2.1 Address forms in languages other than Chinese17

2.1.1 Roger and Albert Gilman17

2.1.2 Roger Brown and Marguerite Ford20

2.1.3 Susan Ervin-Tripp22

2.1.4 Friedrike Braun25

2.2 Address forms in Chinese27

2.2.1 Chao Yuan Ren28

2.2.2 Zhu Wanjin29

2.2.3 Fang Heng31

2.2.4 Hu Mingyang32

2.2.5 Chen Songcen33

2.2.6 Chen Jianmin35

2.2.7 Chen Yueming35

2.2.8 Li Mingjie37

2.2.9 Tian Huigang38

2.3 The significance of the present study40

Notes:43

Chapter Three:Theoretical Frame-work44

3.1 Language,thought and culture44

3.1.1 What is culture44

3.1.2 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis46

3.1.3 Language and culture51

3.2 Speech act theories52

3.3 The ethnography of communication54

3.4 Communication competence60

Chapter Four: Methodological Consid-erations66

4.1 Interviewing informants on the basis of a ques-tionnaire66

4.1.1 Interviews66

4.1.2 Questionnaires67

4.2 Questionnaires in our present research of address72

forms72

4.2.1 Advantages72

4.2.2 Disadvantages74

5.1 Experiment under English circumstances77

Chapter Five:Main Experiment77

5.1.1 Method78

5.1.2 Informants78

5.1.3 Procedure79

5.2 Experiment under Chinese circumstances80

5.2.1 Method80

5.2.2 Informants81

5.2.3 Procedure82

Chapter Six:Data Collection and A-nalysis83

6.1 Methodology83

6.2 Data collection86

6.3 Data analysis87

6.3.1 Analysis of English corpus87

6.3.1.1.2 Prof./Dr.+(LN)89

6.3.1.1 Variants of AFs in English corpus89

6.3.1.1.1 Title+LN89

6.3.1.1.3 First Name90

6.3.1.1.4 ？AF91

6.3.1.2 Factors and their importance in choo-sing proper address forms92

6.3.1.2.1 Age93

6.3.1.2.2 Gender95

6.3.1.2.3 Occasion97

6.3.1.2.4 Rank97

6.3.2 Analysis of Chinese corpus98

6.3.2.1 Variants of address forms in Chinese corpus98

6.3.2.1.1 (LN+)Laoshi99

6.3.2.1.2 (LN+)academic title99

6.3.2.1.4 address form101

6.3.2.1.3 (LN+)occupational title101

6.3.2.2 Factors and their importance in choo-sing proper AFs102

6.3.2.2.1 Age103

6.3.2.2.2 Gender104

6.3.2.2.3 Occasion104

6.3.2.2.4 Rank105

6.3.2.3 The ways Chinese students address their105

foreign teacher105

Notes107

Chapter Seven General Discussion108

7.1 The similarities and dissimilarities of address forms in English and Chinese language108

7.1.1 Similarities of address forms in English and Chinese Language108

7.1.1.1 Post titles are used as address forms in both languages108

7.1.1.2 Zero address form is used in both lan-guages109

7.1.1.3 Both English and Chinese address sys-tems follow a universal feature of language-politeness formulas111

7.1.2 The dissimilarities of address forms in both English and Chinese languages113

7.1.2.1 The order of address forms in both lan-guages is different113

7.1.2.2 The different use of academic or post ti-tles114

7.1.2.3 The use of FN in both languages116

7.2 The analysis of pragmatic functions of social AFs117

in English and Chinese languages117

7.2.1 Similarities117

7.2.1.1 Address forms serve to establish a cer-tain relationship between the addresser and addressee117

7.2.1.2 The use of address form is usually the starting point of a speech communication119

7.2.1.3 THe function of illocutionary force of ad-dress forms120

7.2.1.3.1 Directives121

7.2.1.3.2 Expressives122

7.2.2.1 Social address forms in English are much simpler than that of Chinese both in addressing and classification125

7.2.2 Dissimilarities125

7.2.2.2 No sexism in Chinese address forms in student community126

7.3 Phenomenon of pragmatic failure in Chinese lan-guage128

7.3.1 Sociolinguistic relativity128

7.3.2 Sociolinguistic diversity and pragmatic fail-ure129

7.4 The extended use oflaoshi in Chinese address systems133

Notes134

Chapter Eight:Conclusion138

8.1 General conclusion138

8.2 Limitations and prospects140

Bibliography142

Appendix Ⅰ155

Appendix Ⅱ159