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Preface1

Chapter 1 Introduction　1

Section 1　Definition,Origin,Development and Nature of International Law1

1.1 Rules of Law in National and International Community1

1.2 Nomenclature of International Law2

1.3 Definition of International Law3

1.4 Features of International Law3

1.5 Origin and Development of International Law5

1.6 Nature and Binding Force of International Law10

1.7 International Law and Private International Law13

1.8 China and International Law15

Section 2 Sources of International Law17

2.1 Meaning of the Term"Source"17

2.2 Sources of International Law18

2.3 Hierarchy of the Effect of the Sources of International Law23

Section 3 Subjects of International Law24

3.1 Definition of the Subjects of International Law24

3.2 Significance of the Determination of the Subjects of International Law24

3.3 Characters of the Subjects of International Law25

3.4 Scope of the Subjects of International Law26

Section 4 International Law and Municipal Law34

4.1 Significance of the Determination of the Relationship34

4.2 Doctrines and State Practice Concerning the Relationship35

Chapter 2 States under International Law40

Section 1 Definition and Qualifications of States　40

1.1 Definition of States40

1.2 Qualifications of States　41

Section 2 State Recognition and Succession44

2.1 State Recognition　44

2.2 State Succession50

Section 3 Fundamental Rights and Duties of States52

3.1 Introduction52

3.2 Fundamental Rights of States53

3.3 Fundamental Duties of State56

Section 4 State Responsibility57

4.1 Definition and Elements of State Responsibility57

4.2 Remedies for International Wrongful Acts59

4.3 Defenses and Justifications　60

Section 5 Sovereign Immunity　61

5.1 Definition of and Rationale for Sovereign Immunity61

5.2 Origin and Development of the Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity63

5.3 Status quo of the Doctrine of Restrictive Immunity66

5.4 An Appropriate Approach to the Issue68

5.5 Speculation on the Future of Sovereign Immunity68

Chapter 3 Individuals under International Law70

Section 1 Introduction70

1.1 The Link between International Law and Individuals70

Section 2 Nationality71

2.1 Definition of Nationality and Significance of Nationality71

2.2 Acquisition and Loss of Nationality72

2.3 Conflict of Nationality75

Section 3 Legal Status of Aliens77

3.1 Introduction77

3.2 Definition and Scope of Aliens78

3.3 The General Legal Status of Aliens78

3.4 Entry,Residence and Exit of Aliens79

3.5 Treatments of Aliens81

3.6 Calvo Clause and the Two Rules Affecting the Interests of Alien83

Section 4 Extradition and Asylum87

4.1 Extradition87

4.2 Asylum95

Chapter 4 Territory of States97

Section 1 Introduction97

1.1 Definition and Character of Territory97

1.2 Acquisition of Territory99

1.3 Composition of Territory101

Section 2 International Transit Waterways102

2.1 Introduction102

2.2 The Most Important International Transit Waterways102

Section 3 Polar Regions104

3.1 The Antarctic Region104

3.2 The Arctic Region105

Chapter 5 Jurisdiction of States under International law107

Section 1 Introduction107

1.1 Definition of Jurisdiction107

1.2 Sources of Jurisdiction108

1.3 Classifications of Jurisdiction108

Section 2 Limitations of the exercise of Jurisdiction112

2.1 Introduction112

2.2 Limitations on the Exercise of Jurisdiction112

Section 3 Active and Passive Nationality Principle of Jurisdiction115

3.1 Introduction115

3.2 Active Nationality Principle115

3.3 Passive Nationality Principle116

Section 4 Protective and Universal Principle of Jurisdiction118

4.1 Protective Principle118

4.2 Universal Principle119

Section 5 Consular Jurisdiction121

5.1 Definition and Origins121

5.2 Nature of Consular Jurisdiction122

Chapter 6 Diplomatic and Consular Relations124

Section 1 Diplomatic Relations124

1.1 Introduction124

1.2 Classifications and Ranks of Diplomatic Agents125

1.3 Accreditation and Functions of Diplomatic Agents126

1.4 Diplomatic Privilege128

1.5 Diplomatic Immunities132

1.6 Rationale for Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities133

Section 2 Consular Relations135

2.1 Nature of Consular Relations135

2.2 Classifications of Consular Officers136

2.3 Ranks of Consular Officers136

2.4 Appointment and Admission of Consular Officers137

2.5 Functions of Consular Officers137

2.6 Privileges and Immunities of Consular Officers140

2.7 Termination of Functions of Consular Officers141

Chapter 8 The Law of the Sea143

Section 1 Introduction143

1.1 Importance of the Sea143

1.2 Definition and Codification of the Law of the Sea144

Section 2 Baselines146

2.1 Definition of Baseline146

Section 3 Territorial Sea147

3.1 Definition of Territorial Sea147

3.2 Rules of International Law Governing Territorial Sea147

Section 4 The Contiguous Zone and Exclusive Economic Zone155

4.1 The Contiguous Zone155

4.2 The Exclusive Economic Zone155

Section 5 The High Sea156

5.1 Definition of High Seas156

5.2 Rules of International Law Governing the High Seas157

Chapter 9 The Law of Airspace and Outer Space162

Section 1 Introduction162

Section 2 Airspace163

2.1 Definition and Legal Status of Airspace163

2.2 Rules of the Law Governing Airspace164

Section 3 Outer Space166

3.1 Introduction166

3.2 Definition of Outer Space167

3.3 Treaty Series Composing the Space Law167

3.4 Principles of the Law of Outer Space168

3.5 Outstanding Issues Concerning Outer Space169

Chapter 10 The Law of Treaties172

Section 1 Introduction172

1.1 Definition and Nomenclature of Treaties172

1.2 Municipal Law of Contract and International Law of Treaty172

1.3 Forms of Treaty173

1.4 Elements of Treaty174

1.5 Significance of Treaty176

Section 2 Reservations178

2.1 Introduction178

2.2 Definition of a Reservation179

2.3 Validity of Reservations180

Section 3 Validity of Treaties182

3.1 Grounds that May Operate to Invalidate Treaties182

3.2 Other Factor Affecting the Validity of Treaties184

3.3 Legal Effects of Invalidated Treaties187

Section 4 Treaties and Third Parties188

Section 5 Termination,Suspension of and Withdrawal from Treaties191

5.1 Introduction191

5.2 Termination of Treaties191

5.3 Suspension of Treaties193

5.4 Withdrawal from Treaties194

Chapter 11 Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes195

Section 1 Introduction195

1.1 Nature of International Disputes195

Section 2 Means of International Disputes Settlement196

2.1 Characteristics of the Means of the Settlement of International Disputes196

2.2 Categorization of the Means of the Settlement of International Disputes197

Annex206

后记219