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Volume Ⅰ1

Chapter One Land and Peopl1

Section One The British Isles and Great Britain1

（1）Names and position1

（2）Physiographic Features8

（3）Climate and Weather12

（4）Factors Influencing British Weather16

（5）Inland Water17

（6）The Enghish Language19

（7）Old English(5th-12th century)20

（8）Middle English(12th-15th century）21

（9）Modern Fnglish(15th century——)23

Section Two People and the State25

（1）People26

（2）Party Politics28

（3）Central Government29

（4）Local Government32

（5）Law and Police34

（6）Reform of the Law Court35

（7）Legal Profession38

（8）Police Force38

（9）Religion40

（10）Characteristics of the English People43

（11）Generation Gap49

Section Three National Economy53

（1）General Survey53

（2）Henvy and Light Industries59

（3）The Textile Industries63

（4）Transportation and Communication67

（5）British Disease and Thatcher's Medicine70

（6）Cities74

Chapter Two English History81

Section One Origin of the English Nation81

（1）The Native Celts and the Anglo-Saxon Conquest81

（3）The Norman Conquest and Middle English88

（2）The Normans89

（4）Influence of the Norman Conquest89

Section Two The Great Charter and Beginning of Parliament93

（1）Henry II and His Reform93

（2）Thomas Becket96

（3）The Great Charter101

（4）Beginning of Parliament103

Section Three Decline of Feudulism in England106

（1）The Hundred Year's War(1337—1453)107

（2）The Black Death(1348—1349)110

（3）The Peasant Uprising(1381)112

（4）Wyciffe and the Lollards114

（5）The Wars of the Roses(1455—1485)115

Section Four The Tudor Monarch and the Rising Bourgeoisie118

（1）The New Monarchy118

（2）Clothing Industry119

（3）Enclosures and the Peasant Uprising121

（4）Discovery of New Lands and Its Influence123

（5）Renaissance in England126

Section Five Reformation in England132

（1）The Catholic Church and the Middlc Ages134

（2）The Catholic Church in the Middle Ages135

（3）Revolt of the Protestants136

（4）Reformation and the Church of England137

（5）Elizabeth I(1533—1603)140

（6）Social Life and Culture144

Section Six The English Bourgeois Revolution147

（1）Background to the Revolution147

（2）James I148

（3）Charles I150

（4）The Independents and Pilgrim Fathers152

（5）The Short Parliament and the Long Parliament153

（6）Cromwell as Lord Protector157

Section Seven The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement161

（1）Background to the Industrial Revolution162

（2）Process of the Industrial Revolution164

（3）Effects of the Industrial Revolution166

（4）The Chartist Movoment(1836—1848)169

（5）Queen Victoria and Her Time172

Section Eight The Rise and Fall of the British EmPire176

（1）The Two World Wars and the Decline of the Empire184

（2）Britain After the Secoud World War185

Chapter Three Government and Politics and Education192

Section one The Monarchy192

Section Two The English Nobility198

Section Three The House of Lords202

Section Four The House of Commons205

Section Five The British Government210

Section Six Political Parties212

Section Seven Educational System and Schools216

Section Two Geographical Features and Climate219

Chapter Four224

Section One Family and Life224

Section Two Supplementary Materials238

Britain's Press,Radio and Television238

Volume Ⅱ245

Chapter One Panoramic View245

Section One The United States and the Americans245

（1）Mames,Size and Position245

（2）Govenment Principles and Government System249

（3）The Federal Government251

（4）The State Governments253

（5）Local Governments255

（6）Population257

（7）The Melting Pot265

（9） Background to the Class Structure269

（10）The Upper,Middle.and Lower Classes271

（8）Distribution of People287

Section Three Natural Resources292

（1）Rivers and Lakes293

（2）Forests297

（3）Mineral Resources299

（4）Land Resources301

（5）New Problems302

Section Four National Economy anh Cities305

（1）The Market Sector306

（2）The Corporate Sector308

（3）The Public Sector310

（4）Productive Power312

（5）Economic and Trade Relations with China314

（6）Industry and Cities315

（7）Cities318

（8）Agriculture and Husbandary330

（9）Transportation and Communication333

（10）Current Porblems336

Chapter Two American History343

Seetion one The thirteen English-American Colonies343

（1）The Founding of the Colonies343

（2）The Early Immigrants352

（3）Life in the Colonies354

（4）Education and Schools in the Colonies359

Section Two The War of Indpendence360

（1）Relations between the Colonies and England361

（2）Conflicts Leading to Armed Revolution365

（3）The First Continental Congress369

（4）The First Armed Clash370

（5）The Second Continental Congress371

（6）The Declaration of Independence373

（7）Military Struggle and Final Victory375

Section Three Appearance of the American Constitution and the Washing ton Administration378

（1）America after Independence379

（2）The Constitution Convention382

（3）The American Constitution385

（4）Washington as the First President388

Section Four America During the First Half of the 19th Century—an Era of Expansionv394

（1）Jefferson and His Era394

（2）The Purchase of Luisiana396

（3）The Second War with England397

（4）Military Actions400

（5）Immediate Effect of the 1812 War402

（6）The Mexican War and its Results403

（7）Large Scale Expansion to the West405

（8）Frontiersmen's Influence on Politics411

（9）The Monroe Doctrine413

Section Five The Civil War419

（1）The Beginning of Negro Slavery in America419

（2）Conflicts Arising from Slavery421

（3）Abraham Lincoln426

（4）Military Contest in the Civil War428

（5）The Emancipation Proclamation and Final Victory430

（6）Lincoln's Death and American Concept of a Hero431

（7）Effect of the Civil War436

Section Six America's Development and Foreign Aggression After the Civil War438

（1）Economic Devolopment after the War439

（2）Appearance of Monopoly Businesses444

（3）Effect Produced by Growing Monopoly446

（4）Imperalist Foreign Policy and War with Spain448

（5）Aggression against China450

（6）Social Reforms during Industrialization452

Section Seven America During and After World War Ⅰ461

（1）World War Ⅰ and America's Neutrality461

（2）America Entering the War(1917)463

（3）America and the Treaty of Versailles463

（4）America's Policy after the War464

（5）Industrial Progress and Social Life466

（6）Background to the Great Depression470

（7）The Great Depression472

（8）President Roosevelt's "New Deal"473

（9）Comment On the New Deal476

Section Eight America During and After World War Ⅱ478

（1）The Outbreak of General War479

（2）Changes of the US Policy481

（3）The Lend-Lease Bill483

（4）America's Entrance into the War484

（5）America after the War486

（6）Cold War and America's Containment487

（7）Red Scare and Mecarthy Era490

（8）Developments491

（9）Demands for Reform493

（10）The Beat Generation497

（11）The Watergate Affair498

Saction One Political Parties and Elections500

Chapter Three Form of Government and Social Life500

Section Two The Federal Government508

Section Three The U.S.Congress519

Section Four The Judicial Branch527

Section Five Education and Schools538

Section Six American's Emnloyment,Life and Family550

Supplementary Materials for Reference557

Section One The Ancient Mediterranean World and the Origin of European Civilization557

（1）The Nile and the Egyptians558

（2）The Chaldeans570

（3）The Hebrews571

（4）The Persians571

（5）The Rise of the Greeks572

（6）The War Between the Persians and the Greeks573

（8）The Achievements of the Greeks576

（7）The Real Result of the War576

（9）The Romans as Successors of the Greeks581

（10）The Founding of Rome(753 B.C)581

（11）Romans in West Europe582

（12）The Decline of the Roman Empire585

（13）The Germans as Successors of the Romans587

（14）The German Invasion587

（15）The Huns588

（16）The Germans in Britain589

Section Two Appearance and Development of Christianity589

（1）Appearance of the New Testament601

Section Three Information about the U.S.Passport and Immigration (601

（1）U.S.Passport,Visa,and Health Requirements601

（2）Customs Exemptions and Advice to Travelers605

（3）U.S.Immigration Law607

（4）How to Become an American Citizen610

Section Four Federal Income Tax612

Seetion Five Investment:A Basic Glossary626

Section Six631

Other Materials for Reference631

（1）Average Salaries of Full-time Federal Civilian Employees631

（2）Manufacturing Production Worker Statistics633

（3）Personal Consumption Expenditures for the U.S.citizens634

（4）Presidens of the U.S635

（5）The 50 States of America637

（6）Kings and Queens of England and Great Britain639

（7）Prime Ministers of Great Britain642

（8）British Currency,Metric Equivalents for British Weights and Meausres,Britain's Bank and public Holidays645